The bushing power factor measures dielectric losses within the insulation system of the bushing. It is assessed using tan-delta or power factor tests. Increasing power factor indicates insulation aging, moisture ingress, or contamination. Utilities monitor bushing power factor closely due to its correlation with failure risk.

Power transformers convert voltage between generation, transmission, and distribution tiers, enabling efficient bulk transfer and localized utilization.

Large GSUs and autotransformers are installed in generating stations, major transmission substations, and interties between regional grids.

For maximum effect, LFD is usually combined with a deep vacuum system and a condenser / moisture trap to continuously remove evaporated water and keep vacuum stable. A controlled heating and temperature monitoring set (winding thermocouples, tank/active-part sensors) is essential to prevent overheating and to keep the drying front moving uniformly. It also helps to add hot oil circulation or a separate oil purification unit after drying, because once the active part is dry, the oil must be treated or replaced to avoid re-wetting the paper. Finally, a dry-air or nitrogen backfill system is recommended for the end of the process to break vacuum safely and prevent moisture ingress during cooling and refilling.

In modern practice, reference moisture values are no longer based only on ppm in oil, but on the oil-paper equilibrium concept defined in IEC and IEEE guides. For paper insulation, a commonly accepted long-term target is below 2% moisture by weight for good reliability; 2-3% is considered aged but serviceable, and above 3-4% significantly accelerates aging and reduces mechanical strength. For oil, instead of fixed ppm, utilities increasingly use relative saturation or water activity (aw). Typical reference levels are aw < 0.2-0.3 for dry insulation, 0.3-0.5 as a warning zone, and > 0.6 where the risk of free water and rapid paper wetting becomes serious. These references allow consistent interpretation across temperatures and oil types, which was not possible with ppm alone.

Calculators input kVA, voltage, frequency, impedance, and duty cycle to determine ratings for thermal and electrical margins.

The CMM-D series performs online transformer oil drying and degassing under load. Each system includes sensors, automatic control, and full commissioning with training.

The listed CMM models are designed for purification and regeneration of transformer oils. Capacities range from 1 to 6 m³/h. We’ll prepare a detailed commercial proposal including prices, delivery terms, and configuration options.

The CMM-6RL unit can be configured for diesel clarification and regeneration to remove water, sediments, and oxidation products. A production rate of 120,000 liters per month can be achieved with one or more systems depending on operating time. Please confirm diesel properties and contamination type to receive a performance proposal.

A vacuum oven removes moisture from transformer windings and insulation. GlobeCore manufactures industrial vacuum oven dryers used in transformer production and repair – ensuring insulation dryness before oil filling, which improves dielectric strength.