Essential properties:

Low Pour Point: Ensures the oil remains fluid at low temperatures.
Viscosity Index: High viscosity index for minimal viscosity change with temperature fluctuations.
Good Pumpability: Ability to circulate easily during cold starts.
Anti-Wear Protection: Effective lubrication under boundary conditions.
Oxidation Stability: Even at lower temperatures, to extend oil life.
These characteristics ensure reliable operation in cold climates or applications with low-temperature requirements.