What specific transformers are used in high-speed trains?

High-speed trains use specialized traction transformers that are compact, lightweight, and capable of handling high power levels with excellent efficiency. They often employ advanced materials like aluminum windings and composite insulation to reduce weight. Enhanced cooling systems, such as forced air or oil cooling with heat exchangers, manage the substantial heat generated. The transformers must tolerate high mechanical stresses from rapid acceleration and deceleration. Designs may be modular for easier maintenance and integrated with other onboard electrical systems for optimal performance.