How does moisture affect transformer oil?

The effect of moisture on transformer oil is significant as it can lead to decreased dielectric strength, promoting the risk of insulation failure. Moisture can dissolve in the oil, reducing its ability to insulate and increasing electrical conductivity, which ultimately can result in short circuits. Furthermore, moisture can accelerate the degradation of the oil and the insulating materials, leading to the formation of acids and sludge, which compromise the performance and lifespan of the transformer. Proper maintenance, including regular testing and moisture extraction, is essential to mitigate these risks and ensure the reliable operation of transformer systems.