How does the oil cooling system affect the operation of a railway transformer?

The oil cooling system is critical for dissipating heat generated within the transformer due to electrical losses. Effective cooling maintains the transformer’s temperature within safe limits, preserving insulation integrity and preventing thermal degradation. An efficient oil cooling system enhances performance by allowing the transformer to handle higher loads without overheating. It can involve natural circulation (ONAN), forced oil circulation (OFAF), or combined cooling methods. Inadequate cooling can lead to hotspots, accelerated aging, and ultimately transformer failure, impacting railway operations.