How is voltage regulation achieved in a railway transformer?

Voltage regulation in a railway transformer is achieved using tap changers, which adjust the transformer’s turns ratio to maintain a consistent output voltage despite fluctuations in input voltage or load conditions. On-load tap changers (OLTC) allow adjustments without interrupting the power supply, essential for continuous railway operations. Some transformers use electronic voltage regulation systems for faster and more precise control. Proper voltage regulation ensures optimal performance of traction motors and protects electrical equipment from voltage-related damage.