What is a traction transformer, and what role does it play in railway systems?

A traction transformer is an electrical device used in railway systems to step down high-voltage electricity from overhead lines or third rails to a lower voltage suitable for train traction motors and onboard equipment. It converts high-voltage alternating current (AC) to levels that can be safely used by the train’s propulsion system. The transformer ensures efficient power transfer, electrical isolation, and voltage regulation, playing a critical role in the safe and reliable operation of electric trains. By providing the necessary voltage transformation, it enables trains to utilize the external power supply effectively for propulsion and auxiliary functions.