Which chemical catalysts or techniques are most effective for converting olive oil to biodiesel?

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are the most effective catalysts for olive oil due to its low FFA content. Base-catalyzed transesterification works best, eliminating the need for acid pre-treatment. The GlobeCore USB biodiesel unit automates catalyst dosing and reaction control, achieving efficient conversion, even from lower-grade or waste olive oils, ensuring fuel quality and stability.