How do cooling systems in railway power transformers operate?

Cooling systems in railway power transformers dissipate heat generated during operation to maintain safe temperatures. Common methods include natural oil circulation with air cooling (ONAN), forced oil circulation with air cooling (OFAF), and forced oil circulation with water cooling (OFWF). In ONAN systems, heat rises naturally and is released through radiators. OFAF systems use pumps and fans to enhance oil and air flow. OFWF systems use water-cooled heat exchangers for higher cooling efficiency. Efficient cooling ensures transformer longevity and reliability under varying load conditions.