How is traction power distribution organized on railways?

Traction power distribution involves delivering electrical power from substations to trains via overhead lines or a third rail. The system includes high-voltage transmission lines, step-down transformers, and feeder stations. Power is distributed along the railway network to ensure consistent voltage levels and accommodate varying train loads. Protective devices and control systems manage power flow and isolate faults. The distribution network is designed for reliability and efficiency, often incorporating redundancy to prevent service interruptions.