What are furanic compounds in transformer oil?

Furanic compounds in transformer oil are organic compounds formed during the thermal degradation of paper insulation found in transformers, specifically as the insulation ages and generates byproducts. These compounds are critical indicators of the condition of transformer insulation, as they help assess the degradation level and overall health of the transformer. High levels of furanic compounds in transformer oil can signal that the insulation is deteriorating, leading to potential failure if left unaddressed. They are often evaluated through chromatographic methods to monitor and manage the lifespan of transformers effectively. Regular testing for furanic compounds in transformer oil is essential for predictive maintenance and ensuring the reliability of electrical systems.