What modern methods are used for traction transformer oil testing?

Modern methods for oil testing include advanced diagnostic techniques like Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) using gas chromatography to detect trace levels of fault gases. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies chemical compounds indicating oil degradation. Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR) assesses insulation properties over a range of frequencies. Moisture content is measured with precision sensors. Some methods involve online monitoring systems that provide continuous data on oil condition, enabling real-time analysis and predictive maintenance strategies to optimize transformer health and performance.