What protection systems are implemented to ensure the safety of traction transformers?

Protection systems include devices like Buchholz relays that detect gas accumulation from internal faults, pressure relief devices to release excessive pressure, and temperature sensors triggering alarms or shutdowns if overheating occurs. Differential protection relays detect discrepancies in current that indicate faults. Surge arresters protect against voltage spikes from lightning or switching operations. Overcurrent and earth-fault protections prevent damage from electrical overloads. These systems are integrated to automatically respond to faults, minimizing risks to equipment and personnel.