Why is oil a critical component in a railway transformer?

Oil in a railway transformer serves dual purposes: insulation and cooling. It insulates the internal components, preventing electrical short circuits, and helps dissipate heat generated during operation. High-quality oil ensures efficient heat transfer and maintains the dielectric strength necessary for safe operation. Contaminated or degraded oil can lead to reduced insulation effectiveness and overheating, increasing the risk of failures. Therefore, maintaining oil quality is essential for the transformer’s reliability and longevity.