What types of transformers are used in electric locomotives, and why?

Electric locomotives use traction transformers designed for onboard applications. These transformers step down the high voltage from the overhead lines to lower voltages suitable for traction motors and auxiliary systems. They must be compact, lightweight, and capable of handling high power levels with variable loads. Robust insulation, efficient cooling systems, and mechanical durability are essential due to space constraints and the harsh operating environment. Their design optimizes performance while ensuring safety and reliability.