How does railway electrification affect the selection of transformers?

Railway electrification determines voltage levels, frequency, and power demands, directly influencing transformer specifications. Different electrification systems (e.g., 25 kV AC, 15 kV AC, 1.5 kV DC) require transformers designed for specific voltages and frequencies. Environmental factors like temperature extremes and mechanical stresses also affect transformer design. Compatibility with existing infrastructure, regulatory standards, and interoperability requirements must be considered. Selecting the appropriate transformer ensures efficient power conversion, safety, and reliability within the electrified railway network.