What are the differences between cutting oil and cutting fluid?

Cutting Oil:

Composition: Typically a straight or neat oil used undiluted.
Usage: Provides excellent lubrication, suitable for operations requiring high lubricity.
Cooling Properties: Less effective at cooling compared to water-based fluids.
Applications: Ideal for low-speed, high-pressure machining.
Cutting Fluid:

Composition: Can be water-based emulsions, semi-synthetics, or synthetics, often diluted with water.
Usage: Offers a balance of cooling and lubrication.
Cooling Properties: Superior cooling due to water content.
Applications: Used in high-speed operations where cooling is critical.
The choice between the two depends on the specific machining requirements, such as the material being processed and the nature of the operation.