Noise stems mainly from core magnetostriction, winding vibrations, cooling equipment, and load-related forces. Flux density changes cause the core to “buzz,” while electromagnetic forces in windings under high current make conductors vibrate. Radiator fans and oil pumps add mechanical noise. Harmonics and overexcitation can significantly increase sound levels. Designers mitigate noise with improved core design, lower flux density, sound-damping structures, and quieter cooling systems, often to meet strict environmental and urban noise regulations.