Differences include:

Base Stock Composition: Mineral oils are derived from crude oil refining, while synthetic oils are chemically engineered.
Performance Characteristics: Synthetic oils offer better thermal and oxidation stability, wider temperature operating ranges, and longer service life.
Cost: Synthetic oils are generally more expensive upfront but may reduce long-term costs through extended intervals and equipment protection.
Additive Compatibility: Synthetic oils may require different additive packages compared to mineral oils.
Choosing between them depends on operational requirements, cost considerations, and equipment manufacturer recommendations.