PF = kW / kVA or PF = cos?. Measured by comparing real and apparent power using meters or power analyzers during OC/SC tests or in-service diagnostics.

Idle (no-load) losses depend on transformer size. Small low-voltage units may waste fractions of a watt to a few watts, while medium and large substation transformers can incur no-load losses in the tens to hundreds of kilowatts. No-load losses are dominated by core material and geometry.

Transformers operating in parallel must have the same voltage ratio, vector group, phase sequence, and similar impedance and tap settings. kVA ratings should be reasonably matched to share load proportionally. Differences in impedance or ratio cause circulating currents and unequal load sharing, leading to overheating or protection misoperation. Proper phase checks, synchronization, and settings coordination are required before closing parallel breakers. Utilities follow detailed procedures to verify all conditions prior to enabling parallel operation on busbars.

Same as above: diagnostics, mechanical and dielectric repairs, oil treatment, retesting, and recommissioning.

Power analyzers or revenue meters measure voltage, current, and phase angle to compute PF under real operating conditions.

It manufactures large power transformers, distribution units, OLTC assemblies, bushings, monitoring accessories, and replacement parts used in transmission and distribution networks.

Temperature and humidity have a very strong influence on both oil and paper properties, often more through dynamics than through absolute values. Rising temperature increases oil’s water solubility, so the same moisture content in ppm can correspond to very different relative saturation and dielectric risk. At the same time, higher temperature accelerates oxidation of oil and hydrolytic aging of cellulose exponentially. Ambient humidity mainly affects the system through breathing and seals: moisture ingress slowly raises paper moisture, which then governs long-term dielectric strength and mechanical life. In practice, it is the combination of temperature cycles and moisture migration that drives most insulation aging, not either factor alone.

The AVS-100 and AVS-150 can be used for synthetic fuel production through cavitation-assisted emulsification and activation. AVS-150 is preferred for continuous high-load operation.

The UVR-0.1 unit regenerates up to 200 L of transformer oil per cycle. It can be configured for 480 V / 60 Hz operation. Degassing is performed within the same module; online monitoring can be added optionally. Technical and commercial details will be provided.

Please provide the serial number or year of manufacture for your CMM-4.0T turbine oil filtration unit. We will send the correct operation manual and technical documentation in PDF format.