Pharmaceutical emulsions are key constituents in producing a wide range of medicinal products, such as creams, ointments, gels, oral suspensions, injectable solutions, and even cosmetics. The effectiveness and safety of these products largely depend on the level of emulsion homogeneity, because it ensures uniform distribution of active ingredients. For example, skin care creams shall haveRead More
Bentonite lubricants are used for lubrication of rolling bearings, sliding bearings, sliding guides, which are operated at high temperatures and low speed, and drill rods. Specifics of Bentonite Plastic Lubricants Production Technology Bentonite lubricants production technology is different from production of other kinds of lubricants in that its main component is bentonite clay, which isRead More
Wastewater from milk-processing facilities is classified as high-concentration wastewater of unstable composition with organic contaminants included. The concentration of wastewater contaminants at different milk-processing facilities varies over a considerable range. These variances stem from a diverse mix of output products (yogurt, fermented baked milk, butter milk, dairy butter, cheese, sour cream, plain cream, ice-cream), asRead More
Modern consumer products, computers, vehicles, medical devices, and almost all the manufacturing, industrial, communications, outer space, and defense systems heavily depend on electronics. However, electronic components are vulnerable to damage due to moisture, which can penetrate electronic equipment in a variety of ways. Direct contact with water may occur as a result of splashes, rain,Read More
Millions of tons of used petroleum oils are produced every year in the world, most of which are motor oils. Today, the most rational method of handling such oils is their distillation to obtain new products. One of these products can be base oil, to which special additives are then added. They give oils specificRead More
Moisture may enter the motor due to various factors: improper storage and maintenance, environmental exposure, condensation, or even dropping the equipment into water. This reduces the insulation resistance of a motor and affects its operation. The main cause of motor burnout is a decrease in insulation resistance due to the coil wetness. If the motorsRead More
Bitumen mastics are a durable, waterproof, and reasonably inexpensive material that can be used on a variety of surfaces. This material is popular among engineers and builders due to its plasticity and versatile properties. Therefore, bitumen mastics are applied for waterproofing of balconies, concrete stairs, walkways, and floors. Traditional Bitumen Mastic Production Methods In theRead More
Welding electrode coating of any type (rutile, cellulose, basic, or other) has a porous structure, which makes it very good at absorbing moisture from the ambient medium. Therefore, if electrodes are stored in sealed packaging or without packaging at all, the amount of moisture in the coating gradually increases, which leads to deteriorated mechanical propertiesRead More
The depletion of conventional light crude oil deposits and the growing demand for light-colored, low-sulfur petroleum products have sparked an interest in stable gas condensate. Gas condensate is obtained as a by-product of natural gas production. Sometimes, it is also referred to as “natural gasoline”, because it contains hydrocarbons within the boiling range of gasoline.Read More
The existing energy system is heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels and supports a variety of industrial sectors, such as transportation, manufacturing, agriculture, and others. However, this system is becoming increasingly vulnerable due to a decline in reserves of non-renewable energy sources, an upward rise in prices for them, and the fact thatRead More
As a rule, the production of alcoholic beverages (horilka, whiskey, cognac, rum) involves preparing a water-alcohol solution of the required proof. If necessary, it may be followed by addition of flavoring ingredients or coloring agents to the resulting mixture. Batch Method Limitations The batch method can be used to prepare a water-alcohol solution; according toRead More
A dirty windshield impairs visibility both in the daytime and at night. With this windshield, the driver finds it difficult to size up the situation on the road, and it is also one of the most common causes of accidents. Perhaps, the greatest deal of problems is caused by streaks that occur due to poorRead More
The service life of transformers is normally estimated by manufacturers at 30–50 years and basically depends on the insulation condition, which is affected by degradation processes. One of the most serious threats to cellulose insulation is a high water content. It may result in cellulose depolymerization, which deteriorates the mechanical strength of the insulation andRead More
Crude oil is a scarce resource. It is distilled thoroughly at an oil refinery, passes through a series of chemical processes and is transformed into useful products: gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, paraffins, aviation fuel. The main part of the operational costs of the refinery is the price of crude oil, which is 80-90% of theRead More
Solid fractions may appear in fuel oil and the moisture content may increase in it as a result of violations of the technological process, as well as a result of improper storage. On the one hand, some amount of water in fuel oil is necessary, because without it fuel oil will not keep burning. OnRead More
Emissions of harmful substances from vehicles are one of the main sources of environmental pollution. Basically, these include general hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, etc. Exhaust gases not only cause environmental pollution, but also trigger irreversible consequences for human health (for instance, respiratory diseases, heart disorders, diabetes). In particular, the rapidly growing automotive industry, increasedRead More
A marine fuel oil purifier is essential for maintaining fuel quality and protecting engines on modern ships, as the shipping industry constantly requires large volumes of fuel. Modern vessels primarily use light diesel fractions of crude oil, blended with gas oils from secondary processing or vacuum distillates. Ensuring proper operation of a ship’s propulsion systemRead More
Oil dewatering is one of the most important processes in ensuring the reliable operation of power transformers, which are among the most cost-intensive components of the entire power supply system. Any failure of these assets can cause severe disruptions in energy delivery and lead to significant financial losses for enterprises and utilities. Since most transformerRead More
The debate of FR3 vs mineral oil has gained importance in recent decades as the power industry seeks not only performance but also sustainability in transformer insulation and cooling fluids. Since the end of the nineteenth century, when transformers first appeared as critical components of electrical infrastructure, mineral oil has been the dominant insulating medium.Read More
On August 22–23, 2025, GlobeCore together with our official dealer in Thailand – Stardom Engineering Co.,Ltd., represented by Mr. Pakin Thanatawee, took part in the TEMCA M&E Expo Thailand 2025. The event was held at the Royal Cliff Hotels Group in Pattaya and became one of the key trade shows in Southeast Asia for electricalRead More
The reactivation clay polishing system is environmentally conscious technology designed to restore the properties of used industrial oils and fuels. Unlike traditional systems that rely on hazardous chemicals, this system operates on the principle of adsorption using regeneratable media. Why industries need regeneration technologies Industrial operations, especially in sectors like metallurgy, textile production, power generation,Read More
A vacuum transformer oil purifier maintains the insulating properties of transformer oil, preventing the alarm conditions and short circuits caused by poor insulation. Transformer oil serves as a dielectric and a thermal regulator, protecting the transformer from overheating by absorbing the heat of the windings and the core. Transformer oil is essential for maintaining theRead More
Diesel fuel purification needs when it is contaminated with water and mechanical impurities, or when it becomes dark and discolored. About 25% of diesel generator failures are caused by low-quality fuel, and diesel contaminated with impurities is the cause of failure of 8 out of 10 diesel engines. Therefore, in addition to equipment maintenance, itRead More
Graphite milling is a process used to produce fine graphite. Graphite is used in many industries in the form of fine powder. What equipment is used for graphite milling Mills can be used to obtain fine graphite. They mill the graphite mixture as a result of mechanical impact and the abrasive effect of grinding solidsRead More
Dark diesel fuel polishing – is an operation that is performed when diesel fuel loses its natural colour and becomes darker due to prolonged storage. Diesel fuel is used in many industries. It is used by ships, tractors, harvesters, trucks, diesel trains, etc. Many businesses try to insure themselves against seasonal fluctuations in diesel fuelRead More
Oil degassing in step-up transformers is a challenge that wind farm maintenance companies often face. In this article, we will discuss the causes of increased gas generation in wind farm local transformers, as well as technologies and equipment for degassing oil in such transformers. Purpose of transformers used in wind farms The share of windRead More
Below, we will look at fuel oil homogenization, when this operation is required, and the technology and equipment used. Solid fractions may appear in fuel oil and the moisture content may increase in it as a result of violations of the technological process, as well as a result of improper storage. On the one hand,Read More
Today we are going to talk about what crude oil homogenisation is, when it is performed and what equipment is used. Crude oil is a scarce resource. It is distilled thoroughly at an oil refinery, passes through a series of chemical processes and is transformed into useful products: gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, paraffins, aviation fuel.Read More
Silica gel regeneration is a procedure performed to restore the properties of this adsorbent and its full use. Silica gel is a relatively inert chemical that has high porosity and high adsorption properties, thanks to which it is able to adsorb up to 37% of water vapor by weight. Due to this property silica gelRead More
In this article, we will look at the winter diesel production technology and the equipment used in this process. Features of operating diesel vehicles in cold climates There are many routes with cold climates for transportation of essential goods and foodstuffs. Vehicles for such transportation run on diesel engines. Despite the difficulty of operating diesel-poweredRead More
In this article, we will look at USB fuel blending systems and, in particular, the process of blending diesel with biodiesel additives. Impact of harmful emissions on the environment and human health Emissions of harmful substances from vehicles are one of the main sources of environmental pollution. Basically, these include general hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogenRead More
In this article, we will talk about the problem of zeolite regeneration in oxygen concentrators and how to solve it. Oxygen concentrators are an important tool for extracting oxygen from the environment for treatment and support of people with lung-related diseases at medical facilities, hospitals, health resorts, or at home. They are a safer, lessRead More
Transformer oil filling is a process operation that takes place during transformer maintenance. If necessary, oil is topped up either directly into the transformer tank or into the high-voltage bushings. Features of high-voltage transformer bushings maintenance The reliability and safety of power generation, transmission, and distribution to a final consumer depends on operation of high-voltageRead More
Zeolite regeneration is necessary when the zeolite is saturated with moisture or other substances that it has absorbed. This article is devoted to the problem of zeolite regeneration used in the process of natural gas treatment. Why moisture appears in natural gas? Natural gas storing is required to smoothen demand and to reduce the dependenceRead More
Gear oil purification is a procedure that takes place in oil-filled gearboxes that do not have fixed filters. Gearboxes are widely used in various industrial machines and mechanisms to increase the torque, as well as to reduce the angular speed of the driven shaft. Lifting machines, fans, conveyors, pumping jacks, wind turbines normally include aRead More
Below, we look at hydraulic oil purification, an important process that takes place when servicing equipment that uses such oil. The article also discusses the equipment that is best suited for this task. Areas of application for hydraulic oil Hydraulic oil is a lubricant used in various industries. Pistons, pumps, valves, cooling systems, and filtrationRead More
This article discusses the FR3 natural ester transformer fluid purification, the equipment used, as well as the specifics of FR3 operation, and the reasons that affect its quality. Reasons for the emergence of alternative insulating fluids The use of petroleum-based insulating oils in transformers has been practiced for decades. Although they cope with their taskRead More
Fuel oil polishing is a procedure that is used when we want to improve the quality of such fuel. Below we will look at the specifics of fuel oil production, equipment for improving its quality and equipment for producing water-fuel emulsions. Crude oil is a complex mixture of compounds that primarily consists of carbon andRead More
Cutting oil filtration is an important process for all companies that use metalworking machines. Cutting oils are widely used in industrial metal-cutting and molding machines. The processes in these machines cause friction, which in turn leads to heating and deterioration of tools. Cutting oil purpose Cutting oils lubricate the surface and remove excess heat, ensuringRead More
Silicone oil purification is an important process that takes place during the maintenance of transformers, for which fire safety is a crucial factor. Silicone oils advantages Synthetic silicone transformer oils appeared first in the transformer maintenance market in the 70s of the last century as one of the alternatives to polychlorinated biphenyls, which were classifiedRead More
In this article, we will look at the MIdel 7131 transformer oil purification, why this oil appeared on the market, the causes of its contamination, and the specifics of monitoring transformers filled with Midel oil. History and features of Midel transformer oil Mineral oil was the most common liquid dielectric for a long time. ItsRead More
A traction transformer is one of the important equipment that ensures the continuity of railway traffic. It powers the AC traction motors of electric trains and electric locomotives, and it also powers auxiliary electrical systems such as electric heating and lighting of the carriages. In this article, we will focus on the specifics of tractionRead More
In this article we will consider the range of applying of thermal fluids, the main types of their contaminants, the consequences of using contaminated fluid, as well as thermal fluid filtration systems. The range of applying of thermal fluids Thermal fluids are widely used in heaters, mixers, presses and reactor plants. They can be heatedRead More
When it comes to technological innovation in the energy industry, attention is often focused on big inventions — the latest generators, revolutionary methods of energy storage, or developments in the field of renewable energy. However, sometimes big changes start with something small, like replacing traditional transformer oil with a more modern and environmentally friendly alternative,Read More
In this article, we will speak about Fyrquel fire-resistant liquid, in particular, its features, usage, servicing, and possible approaches to treatment and reclamation of operational properties. So, what is Fyrquel fire-resistant liquid and why are we speaking about it today? Historically, mineral oils were the first to be used in power-generating systems. However, increased temperaturesRead More
Within the domain of electrical power distribution, the existence of moisture can be a significant concern for the stability and dependability of transformers. They play a crucial role in the distribution of electrical energy, and the presence of moisture can give rise to substantial issues that can detrimentally impact both the windings and the transformersRead More
Transformers, the linchpins of our electrical infrastructure, are vital for the seamless transmission and distribution of electricity. However, their efficiency and lifespan can be compromised by a seemingly harmless element: moisture. Moisture within a transformer can result from various sources – be it residual moisture post-manufacturing, ambient humidity, or operational conditions. When this moisture interactsRead More
Additive manufacturing is expanding production and seeking auxiliary technologies. One of them is the involvement of vortex layer device (AVS) – convenient tools for creating raw materials for 3D printers faster and better. It should be noted that new methods of manufacturing parts began to emerge in the early 1980s. People wanted to save andRead More
Dissolved Gas Analysis Test (DGA) is a commonly employed method for evaluating the health of transformer oil. This approach detects and measures the amount of dissolved gases in the oil to assess the transformer’s overall condition. The existence of certain gases reflects the degree of wear and indicates possible problems within the transformer. This articleRead More
Power transformer monitoring is a crucial practice aimed at guaranteeing their dependable and effective functioning. Power transformers serve as essential elements within the electrical power network, tasked with conveying and dispersing electrical power from generation facilities to end-users. A malfunction or breakdown in a power transformer may lead to electricity disruptions, system inactivity, and considerableRead More
Chalk is a soft, brittle organic material representing a form of limestone. It contains at least 98% of mineral calcium (calcium carbonate) with clay and silt as other constituents. It is a sedimentary porous rock extensively used in the production of composite materials, medications and utilized in the food-manufacturing, cosmetic, and other industries. Chalk grindingRead More
Pectins are natural carbohydrates (polysaccharides) contained in plants. Basically, the substances are concentrated in fruits. They constitute structural components of tissues, maintain the turgor, tone of fruits, as well as ensure their preservation and resistance to drought. They are present in the cell sap of fruits and vegetables making up more than half of theirRead More
Natural zeolite is a nanoporous mineral with sorbing, ion-exchange, catalytic, and other properties. This is a rock of volcanic and sedimentary origin classified into more than 40 structural types. Zeolite particles are aqueous aluminosilicates of calcium, sodium, and other metals with a frame structure consisting of windows, channels, and cavities at the level of aRead More
In this article, we will discuss what cell disintegration means, for what purposes it is used, what equipment is needed for disintegration, and the prospects for vortex layer devices as disintegrators. What is cell disintegration and what is it used for? In the simplest sense, cell disintegration is understood to mean compromising the integrity ofRead More
Before we speak about oil purification, let us discuss the history of lubricants emergence and development. It is difficult to say for certain when the first substance performing a lubricating function emerged. It is assumed to have happened around the time when people began to use the first labor tools. In Ancient Egypt, olive oilRead More
Gypsum is a mineral of sulfate class used in the chemical, pulp and paper industry, in the agricultural sector as a fertilizer, as well as in the construction industry as a binder for production of dry mixes and materials. Gypsum grinding and activation take place in almost every field. In the industrial sector, the mineralRead More
Titanium dioxide is a water-insoluble white powder, basically, a white dye. It is a very interesting substance, first of all, due to its wide application. Therefore, titanium dioxide production is an important component of the global industry. Titanium dioxide production in the world In the mid-2000s, 4.2 million tons of titanium dioxide were used worldwide.Read More
Transformer oil is used in high-voltage equipment as an insulating medium due to its higher dielectric strength compared to gases, for example. However, while in use, oils may experience a breakdown which means losing the ability to withstand high voltages. A breakdown poses a risk of failure to expensive electrical equipment: transformers, oil-filled cables, capacitors,Read More
In this article, we will speak about another possible use of a vortex layer device and discuss resin glue or rather its emulsion production. Resin glue is a product of mixing synthetic resins with a hardener. It has good performance properties and is used in many industries owing to its advantages. Resin glue advantages ResinRead More
The efficiency factor of a transformer never reaches 100%; in principle, just like with any other device. This is due to the fact that there occur power losses of transformers during operation. These losses take place in the copper conductors of the winding and in the magnetic core (magnetic circuit) made of steel. In thisRead More
Dielectric breakdown measurement is performed in order to assess how well the oil is ready to insulate the live parts of a transformer. Instruments for measuring this parameter should be available in every electrical laboratory. In this article, we will discuss brief theoretical information about transformer oil breakdown voltage and how this voltage is determined.Read More
In this article, we will discuss how wind turbine gearbox oil change is performed. Why has this particular matter drawn our attention? It is as simple as that. The wind power industry develops rapidly as evidenced by an annual increase in the required power of wind turbines. Wind energy is relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly, andRead More
An oil moisture meter is an instrument that is used to determine the amount of water in industrial oils: transformer, lubricating, turbine, transmission, and other oils. In this article, we are going to discuss the most important matters related to oil wetness: how water gets into oil; in what forms water can be contained inRead More
Refractory suspension for iron and steel founding is a mixture with a refractory base and a binder — a hydrolyzed solution of ethyl silicate, a gelling agent. The suspension is based on quartz sand and pulverized quartz at the ratio of 1:3. These ingredients do not dissolve in water; therefore, in order to obtain aRead More
Asbestos cement is an artificial, reinforced cement material used in roofing, finishing, utility system development, and other construction areas. Asbestos acts as a reinforcing fiber, and Portland cement acts as a binder therein. The manufacture of asbestos-cement products involves preparation of asbestos and subsequent mixing thereof with water and cement. After that, blanks are molded,Read More
Let us discuss how fluorine removal from wastewater is carried out and the ways to improve its efficiency. Wastewater from chemical, metallurgical, and other enterprises that contains fluorine compounds is classified as harmful. The removal of fluorine from this kind of wastewater is associated with difficulties and requires considerable costs and expensive chemical agents. ItRead More
In this article, we will discuss biodiesel production using GlobeCore technological line in which the function of a reactor is performed by a vortex layer device of AVS type. This technological line can be used to produce biodiesel from a wide variety of raw materials ranging from vegetable oils to animal fats. From the environmentalRead More
GlobeCore vortex layer device (AVS) is versatile equipment used in dozens of industries. In addition to conventional applications where substances are processed, ground, and mixed, or products are obtained by means of the device due to intensification of dispersion processes, the device is suitable for processing the finished parts and materials. Among the tasks forRead More
Aerated concrete is a type of lightweight concrete which constitutes a porous artificial material made of mineral binders (cement, lime, or gypsum) and a silica aggregate (quartz sand, fly ash, or acidic slags from the metallurgical industry). Aerated concrete production is based on the processes of dispersion, mixing, bloating of a mixture of these ingredients,Read More
Expanded clay production is based on the homogenization and grinding of clay raw material particles, the formation and further baking of granules. Taking into consideration such processes, it is reasonable to use a vortex layer device (AVS) from GlobeCore. Relevance of expanded clay production Expanded clay is a highly demanded construction material, an inexpensive heatRead More
In this article, we will discuss what graphene and a graphene lubricant mean, as well as the way to improve the operational properties of graphene lubricants using a vortex layer device. In 2010, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to A. Geim and K. Novoselov who carried out groundbreaking experiments concerning the two-dimensional materialRead More
We will continue a series of articles about wastewater treatment with an overview on “Distillery wastewater treatment”. As part of this overview, we will briefly discuss how wastewater treatment is carried out at such enterprises, what problems arise in this regard, and how these problems can be solved using ferromagnetic particles vortex layer devices. MolassesRead More
We have previously discussed the general application of vortex layer devices in wastewater treatment processes. Now, we are going to tell you in greater detail about how the devices work when treating the wastewater with a certain type of impurities contained or treating the wastewater of specific production facilities. Today’s overview deals with fodder yeastRead More
Pigment dispersion is another field of application for vortex layer devices. This is a promising area, because many industries consume plenty of pigmented paints and varnishes: paints, enamels, primers. They are indispensable for mechanical engineering, radioelectronics, shipbuilding, furniture industry, manufacturers of household appliances, etc. Pigmented paints and varnishes are used for ensuring anti-corrosion protection andRead More
Gold production is a process in which not only specific industries, but also entire countries are interested. This noble metal is used in dentistry, electronics, chemistry, construction, and jewelry. Gold ingots are still used as part of gold and foreign currency reserves. Gold is extracted from gold-bearing ores, but the ores contain a small amountRead More
Marine composite fuels are combustible blends used in the operation of ship power plants. They serve as a basis on which ship movement support systems, on-board devices, mechanical units, instrumentation and equipment operate. Depending on the type of combustible product, marine fuel constitutes a mixture of ingredients such as fuel oil with diesel fuel orRead More
Every year, thousands of tons of waste petroleum oils are generated worldwide and discharged from transformers, machine tools, presses, and compressors. This waste must not be discharged into the environment, because it pollutes water and soil, as well as kills animals and worsens human health. Therefore, disposal of used oil or regeneration thereof for reuseRead More
Graphene production is a young and promising industry. It is young, because graphene was discovered rather recently — only fifteen to sixteen years ago. And it is promising due to interesting and somewhat unique properties of graphene. What is graphene and why is it interesting? It has been generally accepted for a long time thatRead More
Linoleum production is considered to be a promising area due to the high popularity of this flooring. The inexpensive, practical, and high-performance material is distinguished by low cost price and manufactured on the basis of simple technologies. A linoleum production plant with only 4–5 lines can produce more than 100 million square meters of productsRead More
Construction materials production is one of the main fields of using a vortex layer device (AVS). The equipment allows obtaining mixes and substances with a high degree of activation which subsequently affects the quality of products. Sand-lime brick production involves the formation of blocks from a lime-sand mix based on quartz sand (92–95%) and limeRead More
Many world countries experience a shortage, as well as gradual depletion and increasing pollution of fresh water sources. The main cause of surface water pollution is the discharge of untreated and insufficiently treated domestic and industrial wastewater which leads to the unsuitability of receiving water bodies for water use needs. Among highly hazardous types ofRead More
Leonardite is a subtype of brown coal. It is an organic product consisting of substances useful for plants and living organisms. The basic components here are humic and fulvic acids. They are formed from plant and animal tissues by exposure to chemical and biological processes resulting in humus formation. Leonardite grinding allows obtaining highly concentratedRead More
Resistor manufacturing is a promising area in the electrical industry due to the active use of these elements in the field of electronic engineering and radio electronics. In circuits of electronic and radioelectronic equipment, resistors can make up to 50% of the components used. Moreover, up to 40% of them are non-wirewound types of resistors.Read More
Dry construction mixes (DCM) are a powdery, homogeneous mass consisting of fillers, aggregates, binders, and additives. The ingredients are blended in strict proportions to form a product with certain characteristics. Construction mix production means the preparation of free-flowing multicomponent masses by means of dispersers and mixers. In order to activate DCM, it is enough toRead More
Humic fertilizers production is one of the most promising areas for increasing the soil fertility and obtaining a good harvest. In the world, there are about 3.2 billion hectares of land suitable for agricultural work which is only 9% of the total land fund. However, the crop yield steadily declines every year. It is causedRead More
Despite the emergence of new synthetic agents, medicinal plants extraction remains an important area of the pharmaceutical industry. Some serious diseases are really difficult to treat effectively without next-generation synthetic antibiotics, but herbal preparations remain an effective medication. According to rough estimates, the share of such preparations in the market is at least 25%. SubstancesRead More
Wood flour is a powder obtained by regrinding the sawdust, wood chips, wood shavings, small residues and other waste from the wood processing industry. Sometimes, it is also made of straw, stems, waste cardboard, nut shells, and other products. Wood flour manufacturing means grinding the raw stuff to a size of hundreds of micrometers. Sometimes,Read More
Humic fertilizers obtained by peat processing are an effective and popular means of increasing the soil fertility. They contain a great amount of nitrogen and other chemical elements that contribute to the growth and development of plants. However, directly within peat, they are contained in persistent chemical compounds, and thus remain unavailable to plants andRead More
Lithium stearate is a lithium salt of fatty stearic acid, or soap as it is conventionally referred. It is derived from animal and vegetable raw materials. This soap is a white soft substance. In production, it is used as part of a water suspension. Soap is used as a thickener in a number of industries.Read More
Sand grinding is a necessary stage in preparing the material for its further use in construction and industry. It is one of the basic ingredients for exterior surface finishing, plasters, mortars, and floorings. It is used in production of paving flagstones, dry mortars, glass, paints and varnishes, etc. At the same time, the quality ofRead More
For the purposes of practical applications of ferromagnetic particles vortex layer devices, we would like to speak about the area such as fuel preparation on ships. Types of marine fuel If we compare a ship with a motor vehicle by special aspects of fuel consumption, two important differences can be highlighted. The first difference isRead More
In this article, we will describe how lignin production from apricot kernels is carried out. Lignin is a solid polymer of organic origin found in lignified plant tissues. The substance is formed inside the walls of cells, in intercellular space. In nature, it serves to bond cellulose fibers. It ensures the strength of trunks, branches,Read More
A transformer is a complex electrical device whose reliable operation depends on numerous components. Among these, transformer oil plays a critical role by providing insulation and removing heat generated during operation. Over time, the condition of transformer oil deteriorates due to various factors, necessitating effective transformer oil drying techniques to maintain optimal performance and extendRead More
In this article, we will discuss special aspects of transformer diagnostic evaluation and focus on online transformer monitoring systems. The presence of such systems makes transformer servicing easier, more convenient, and cost-effective. Approaches to classification of transformer status monitoring methods There exist various approaches to classification of transformer status monitoring methods which are determined byRead More
Oil is used in a transformer to insulate live parts and to remove heat. These are two main functions, but there is also a third function: insulating oils are a good information environment by means of which it is possible to diagnose the development of various defects. This is due to the fact that gasesRead More
Power transformers are an important link in electrical power supply systems. They allow connecting the grid sections of different voltages and reducing the electricity losses during electricity transmission over great distances. A sudden failure of even one transformer causes the entire neighborhoods to remain without electricity. For this to happen as seldom as possible, maintenanceRead More
In the previous articles, we spoke about the capabilities of a vortex layer device in terms of grinding, mixing, and activating various substances. But the device can also be used to run and accelerate chemical reactions. One of such reactions is the reduction of sodium bisulfite in rongalite production. What is rongalite and where isRead More
In this article, we will discuss oil shale grinding, the process that takes place in obtaining light petroleum products from heavy oil residues. What are oil shales and how are they applied in obtaining light petroleum products? The process of obtaining fuel fractions from oil is accompanied by formation of heavy oil residues. These includeRead More
Lubricant grease is a thick anti-friction, water-repellent multipurpose lubricant. It is a slippery, fatty, pasty mass of yellow or brown color. It is produced on the basis of industrial (petroleum, mineral) oils. Lubricant grease production involves thickening the raw stuff by adding the calcium soap derived from fatty acids through saponification. The main advantage ofRead More
In this article, we will tell you how cocoa shell is ground. Cocoa shell is the husk of cocoa beans formed in the process of crude chocolate production. World market of cocoa beans The main suppliers of cocoa beans to the world market are African countries. If we take the average annual consumption of thisRead More
In this article, we will discuss fodder production using electromagnetic technologies. Liquid mixed fodder is a feed compound with the moisture content of 70–80% in the form of a homogeneous suspension of ground grain raw stuff, water, and additives. It is applied for feeding the calves using a milk substitute emulsion. Feed compounds in theRead More
According to various estimates, the share of nuclear energy is at least 10–16% of all the energy resources generated in the world. In some countries, such as France, nuclear energy ranks high — 71.6%. In China, the share of nuclear energy does not exceed 4%. The use of nuclear energy is a matter of debate,Read More
Sugar beet processing is an important technological procedure in sugar production. This product is extensively used all over the world as evidenced by large production volumes — at least 168 million tons per year. Brazil, India, the European Union, Thailand, China, the United States, and Russia stand out of major sugar producers. Countries of warmRead More
Cutting fluids are emulsions used in the field of mechanical processing of metals, stone, ceramics, and plastics. Such means are used to lubricate and cool the workpiece and the working tool in the zone of their contact while drilling, cutting, and pressing are performed. Basically, cutting fluids are used for turning and milling the workpieces.Read More
In this article, we will discuss drilling mud production by means of a ferromagnetic particles vortex layer technology and evaluate the prospects of applying this technology in the oil and gas industry. Drilling mud is an important part of the technology for development of mineral resources (oil and gas). It is responsible for several functionsRead More
Peat gel is a biologically active fertilizer based on humic acids, trace elements, minerals, and nitrogen compounds. It is made from peat. It is a humic preparation that acts as a plant growth catalyst and a soil remediator. It also acts as an immunomodulatory agent for poultry and animals that contributes to boosting their immunityRead More
Coffee milling is a mandatory stage of manufacturing both a natural product from roasted coffee beans and an instant freeze-dried, granulated, or powdered beverage. Depending on the type of coffee, grinding is performed to a certain fraction. It may be coarse grinding with a size of almost a millimeter, medium, fine grinding to tenths ofRead More
In this article, we will discuss how cement grinding, cement activation, microcement production, and dry mortar production are carried out by means of vortex layer devices. Cement is the most expensive part of concrete that considerably determines the quality of concrete products, as well as the reliability and durability of structures built on their basis.Read More
Pepper milling is a technological process for grinding a product to obtain a powdery constituent used as a base, an additional or active ingredient in the production of food supplements, spices, mixtures, ointments, and aerosols. In order to grind pepper on an industrial scale, special mills are used. Some of them operate according to theRead More
Coal grinding is one of the stages of the technological process for obtaining water-coal fuel. Water-coal fuel owes its emergence to water-coal slurry which was used in the 50–60s of the past century in order to find application for watered coal particles. At that time, the technology of water-coal slurry was considered to be ratherRead More
Pre-sowing seed processing means preparation of sowing material for germination and planting. It is carried out with the purpose of improving the germination and further growth, as well as increasing the crop yields. It also impacts on the resistance of plants against the influence of external factors, boosting their immunity and protection from diseases andRead More
Transformer oil drain is an operation, that no transformer can do without. In this article we will look what types of it do exist and when it is performed Full and Partial Transformer Oil Drain According to the degree of emptying of the tank transformer oil drain can be full and partial. Full drain isRead More
In this article, we will discuss lubricants production using vortex layer devices — the equipment designed to intensify various technological processes. Lubricants are essential to ensure the equipment operability and performance. The main purpose of lubricants is to reduce friction and wear in rubbing parts of mechanisms which allows increasing the mechanical efficiency of theRead More
Transformer oil dielectric loss testing equipment is used both at the stage of checking the quality of oil before feeding it into the transformer and during the use of oil. In this article, we will discuss what is meant by the dielectric loss tangent, what parameters it depends on, what algorithm is applied to determineRead More
In this article, we will discuss one of the main methods for diagnostic evaluation of transformers — dissolved gas analysis of transformer oil. Hereinafter, we will tell you when it is advisable to use this method, what main techniques there exist to interpret the results thereof, and also speak about a new instrument in GlobeCoreRead More
The dielectric strength of transformer oil is one of the main parameters the value of which can be used to judge the quality and the current status of liquid transformer insulation. Physically, dielectric strength is the minimum electric field intensity at which electrical breakdown of a liquid dielectric occurs. Typically, the unit used to measureRead More
In this article, we will discuss what is meant by the dielectric strength of transformer oil, how dielectric strength measurement is taken, and what instruments are used for this purpose. Along with the dielectric loss tangent, dielectric strength is the main characteristic to describe the dielectric properties of insulating oil. Therefore, an interest in exploringRead More
Transformer oil tester is a device that measures one or more parameters of an oil in order to determine its current state. The market for such equipment is large, so in this article we will focus only on the basic parameters and solutions that GlobeCore offers to determine them. Also note that some types ofRead More
A vacuum drying oven is a multipurpose device. It is used to dry transformer windings, electric motor rotors, powders and pastes, adsorbents, metal ceramics, wood etc. In this article we focus on the vacuum drying oven for transformers. When drying of transformer windings becomes necessary Drying of transformer windings is important at all stages ofRead More
Dry transformers are gaining popularity; the main reasons for this preference of transformer owners are better safety and efficiency of such units. In this article we look into whether these reasons are actually true. The peculiarities of dry and oil transformer systems The single biggest reason transformer operators prefer dry transformers instead of oil-filled onesRead More
In this article we will look at “oil polishing”: the meaning of the term, when this process is needed and how it is done. What is transformer oil polishing Oil is an essential part of transformer insulation system. Apart from its insulation function, it also removes heat from the core, taking some of the strainRead More
The complexity of treatment and desulfurization of oil and it products to remove undesired sulfur compounds is due to the complex composition of the material and a vast variety of sulfuric compounds. Crude oil consists of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. There are small portions of metals, mostly nickel and vanadium. Hydrocarbons are 75%Read More
Gold is used in several fields: as part of national reserves; in medicine (dentistry, pharmaceuticals and cosmetology). In this case gold is used in implants, medicines and cosmetics. The amount of gold used in this field is relatively small and remains below 2% of the total demand; electronics (information technologies and telecommunications). In this fieldRead More
Zement und Beton gehören zu den am häufigsten genutzten Rohstoffen der Erde und stehen nach Wasser an zweiter Stelle. Im Durchschnitt bis zu einer Tonne Zement pro Person pro Jahr. Dieses Material wird häufig als zementgebundener Bestandteil bei der Herstellung von Beton, Stahlbeton und verschiedenen Mörteln verwendet. Der Zementbedarf beim Bau neuer Gebäude und BauwerkeRead More
The first patent for modifying bitumen with natural rubber was registered almost 170 years ago. Ironically, it took another 150 years before the modified road bitumen has taken a worthy place in road construction. There were a couple of reasons for this.. Firstly, the traffic loads on roadway are ever-increasing. Secondly, large polymeric materials areRead More
Either air blown bitumen or modified bitumen can be used for production of bitumen shingles. The question is which material is better. Modified bitumen is a mix containing various modifiers for performance improvement. In recent years there is an emerging trend: manufacturers of roofing materials prefer modified bitumens to air blown bitumens more often thanRead More
Modern road construction places high demands on the quality of materials. This is especially true for the binders used in preparation of asphalt mixtures. Pavements made from traditional bitumen can not cope with modern density and intensity of traffic. Scientists assess the durability of pavements with bitumen-mineral composition, at only 50-70% of normative durability. LowRead More
A runway is the most important part of any airport. Runways can be unpaved, gravel, asphalt or concrete. Unpaved runways cannot be operated in rainy weather, making the use of such facilities quite limited. Considering the loads and the high pressures on the runway, asphalt mix or concrete is mostly used for modern runway construction.Read More
To improve properties of bitumen for roofing applications, three modifiers are used most often: atactic polypropylene (APP), styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and ethylene-propylene-butene (EPB). Bitumen, modified with APP, does not have disadvantages characteristic to common bitumen materials: low flexibility at subzero temperatures and aging tendency. Atactic polypropylene is an elastic material with similar properties asRead More
The modern roofing material market is quite diverse. Nevertheless bitumen-polymer mastics attract attention among other materials. Physically, this compound is a liquid, viscous and uniform mass, which after surface application hardening becomes solid coating. Polymer bitumen roofing mastic is mostly used for construction and maintenance of roofs, as well as waterproofing. Depending on application mode,Read More
In the road construction industry, bitumen emulsion is used more often than bitumen. This cohesive material was invented in the USA and it has been used for over half a century all over the world as one of the chief components of modern road construction materials. Bitumen emulsion serves as the cohesive material for theRead More
Thanks to the combination of developments in acoustics, hydrodynamics and chemical kinetics, a new promising device is entering the market: the cavitation reactors, employed for processing of suspensions, emulsions and for intensification of chemical processes in solutions. These devices are can be used either separately (in laboratory test-benches) or in industrial mixing processes. In today’sRead More
Chemical, food, construction and many other industries cannot do without the preparation of different suspensions, emulsions and colloid solutions. They include lubricating oil emulsions, fuel emulsions, polymer modified bitumen as well as a wide range of food fat emulsions. Additionally, many kinds of gels, creams, and pastes are included in this list, so the listRead More
A new age in road construction began on 9 May 1922. Hugh Alan McKey registered the first bitumen emulsion patent. Within several years the application of this new material significantly changed road construction. The amount of bitumen emulsions made in France in 1923 was several hundred tons. In 1924 it increased to 2500, and toRead More
There has been an increased amount of heavy load carrying vehicles using our main roadway systems. The heavy, and often overweight vehicles is one of the main reasons for the deformation of the bitumen/asphalt based road systems. The properties of bitumen are modified by the addition of special polymer additives. A “Modified Bitumen” product isRead More
Bitumen emulsions are used for road surface treatment, soil reinforcement, and ground stabilization as well as for the construction of roads and highways. Bitumen emulsion usually consists of bitumen (50-70%) and water (30-50%). A special component known as an emulsifier (acidol, naphtha soap, sulphate soap) is added to bitumen emulsion to make it stable. TheRead More
Asphalt emulsions have been in existence for almost 100 years in the United States and the rest of the world. They were first developed in the early 1900s, used in road applications in the 1920s, with continued growth due to World War II and the energy crisis of the 1970s. Asphalt emulsions have found theirRead More
The history of mustard extends back a couple of millennia. Today it is one of the most popular spices used in the cuisines of many nations. In general, mustard is a mixture of mustard seeds, water, vinegar and various additives. The taste of mustard depends on additives and plant seeds (white, black, brown (saperda/Indian) orRead More
Different types of bitumen emulsions are applied in different industrial processes. Some of the processes include: The priming of the old pavement before applying asphalt or concrete; To prepare cold asphalt mixes; To “surface treat” roadways; To provide thin protective coatings; For patching roads; For waterproofing building foundations and structures; and For installing and repairingRead More
Water-bitumen emulsion is a highly dispersed dark brown material made by atomization of bitumen in water solution of an emulsifier. Such methods of bitumen thinning as organic solutions and hot mastics are prohibited in several European countries due to environmental and health hazards. A better and more efficient method is emulsification. The process is becomingRead More
Pit roads, crossings and driveways are by nature very dusty. In the general case, the amount of dust kicked up into the air depends on the surface of the road, its condition, weight and speed of vehicle movement. A large amount of dust in the air causes accelerated engine wear, limits visibility and causes seriousRead More
Different types of bituminous emulsions are mostly used in the construction industry. The main areas of application are following: priming of old pavement before applying asphalt; preparation of cold asphalt mixtures; surface treatment of road surfaces; thin protective layers; patching roads; waterproofing of structures; installation and repair of soft roofs. The main advantage of bitumenRead More
In the production of pastry, the most promising direction is implementation of modern technology and equipment and improvement of the product range by using new flavors, alternative raw materials and new packaging materials. The main component of pastry, which significantly defines the quality of the dough is flour. Most of such products require flour withRead More
Bitumen Emulsion Production. A colloid mill is a special device which performs superfine pulverization of materials. Using colloid mill allows to produce particles of one micron or even smaller. The first colloid mill was designed by K. Plausson in the first half of the 19th century. It consisted of a stator, a rotor and aRead More
A question that is often asked: why do we need a disperser, when we already have a mixer? First, let’s look at the definitions. A mixer is a device that is generally used in cooking for mixing food products. In fact, a mixer simply mixes the components in a container. As for a disperser, itRead More
Most substances used in households and industry are dispersed systems (solid particles or droplets suspended throughout another substance) or solutions, where mixing takes place at the molecular level. Examples of suspensions are mortar mixture, paint, white glue or bitumen emulsion used for waterproofing works. What is bitumen emulsion? Bitumen is a hydrocarbon resin (derived fromRead More
The main objective of laying asphalt concrete mixtures as a road surface is to ensure its adhesion to the bottom layer. A practical solution to this problem is -using bitumen emulsions. Bitumen emulsion disperse system consists of: bitumen and water. Thus the smallest particles of bitumen are dispersed in water without being mixed with it.Read More
There is a legend about the origin of mayonnaise. It says that this sauce was invented by a chef of the French garrison, which was locked by the British on the island of Menorca in the city Mahon (Mayon). The besieged experienced problems with food – there were only olive oil and turkey eggs, andRead More
Bitumen is a unique blend of hydrocarbons and their derivatives that are widely used in construction, from residential and industrial structures to highways and runways. While bitumen can be replaced with materials of similar composition, replacing it with something of similar cost is virtually impossible. Bitumen has been used in construction for centuries. During thisRead More
Silica gel – is a product obtained by dehydration of sodium silicate. This substance exhibits the best absorption capacity with moisture content 5-7%,. After drying silica gel resembles a glassy solid mass with high porousness. Exactly this property, as well as its mechanical strength are the reasons for the continuing research in new methods ofRead More
Colloid Mill. The first mention of starch being partially soluble in water dates to the late 19th century. To achieve this, the substance had to be finely ground. Pulverization of starch was described in the research of several scientists, such as Lampitt, Gess and others. Preliminary dispersion of gelatinized phosphate starch in cold water allowsRead More
Transformer is a complex unit, and the processes of its manufacturing, servicing and repairs involve many operations and require a number of different machines. This article is about one of the most important machines, namely, a transformer evacuation system. What is evacuation? In general, evacuation is the process of pumping out gases or vapor fromRead More
Turbine oil lubricate and cool bearings of steam, gas and hydro turbines, as well as turbocompressors. Turbine oils are subject to some detrimental factors, such as high temperature, hence the strict oil quality requirements: good oxidation stability; absence of sludge formation after long use; no emulsification with water; protection of steel surfaces from corrosion. TheRead More
Tack coat is an important step in preparing the surface for asphalt concrete or surface treatment, ensuring reliable traction between layers. Priming is done with liquid bitumen or emulsion. The benefit of emulsion is its low viscosity. This ensures an even distribution over the surface and 20-30% economy of bitumen. The use of cationic emulsionRead More
Transformer oils are made from crude oil and are used in transformers and other electrical equipment. The oil performs two main functions: insulation and heat dissipation. Classes of transformer oil characteristics The characteristics and properties of transformer oils can be grouped into several classes: functional; properties related to purification and oxidation stability; operational; properties relatedRead More
The function of bitumen emulsion is to form uninterrupted film of bitumen after breaking. The rate of this process depends on the reactive ability of the emulsion and the stone surface, as well as weather conditions, such as temperature and humidity. Bitumen emulsion are classified according to their reactive ability. Fast breaking emulsion separate immediatelyRead More
Environmental problems are most often discussed in regard to crude oil production and transportation. Oil in the environment can damage soil, water bodies and the atmosphere. Due to the high profile of these problems, certain measures have been implemented, but there are other less visible problems, such as waste oils, which do not receive nearlyRead More
This article looks into when oil heating for use in transformers is necessary and discusses the equipment needed. When transformer oil heating is necessary The first reason for oil heating is due to the changes of viscosity with the temperature. The higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity and visa versa. Oil pumping may beRead More
The problem removing water and particulate matter from high quality diesel fuel in the production process is quite common. Contamination of diesel fuel starts at the refinery and continues all the way down to storage facilities and fuel tanks. Water can be present in diesel fuel in solved or emulsified state. The latter is especiallyRead More
Motorways are the main means of ground transportation. Damp weather complicates traffic on dirt roads, limiting their throughput. Regular technology of ground stabilization with bitumen emulsions is performed at optimal humidity. In this case, part of the water from the emulsion is absorbed by the ground, which makes for uneven distribution of bitumen in theRead More
There is no example in technical literature of denying the benefits of filtration. It can remove dust and other impurities entering the machines through nozzles and other openings. The reason for all is periodic opening and closing of the fuel tank. When channels and openings of the nozzles are contaminated and cannot let enough fuelRead More
Two different and immiscible liquids, alcohol and vegetable oil, form an alcohol in oil emulsion when mixed. Intensification of mass transfer requires fine dispersion of the original emulsion. The choice of the appropriate equipment or device for this stage of the process largely determines the efficiency of the entire process. Known biodiesel fuel production technologiesRead More
Petroleum bitumen is widely used in construction. It includes materials for roofing, waterproofing, air tight material, piping protection (and other types of anti-corrosion and even radiation production), materials for road top, surfacing of canals, settling ponds, sludge collectors etc. Despite the growing production of bitumen, it is still in short supply. Some of the supplyRead More
Petroleum based oil can be purified by chemical, physical and combined methods. The chemical processes are based on the reaction of impurities with chemicals. The reactions result in formation of substances which can be easily removed from the oil. Chemical methods include acidic treatment, dehydration by calcium compounds, dehydration and restoration by metal hydrides. ChemicalRead More
Emulsions are colloidal dispersed systems, where one liquid is dispersed in another in the form of small droplets without mixing. Examples of such emulsions are bitumen or tar and water. The content of bitumen or tar in road construction emulsions can reach 50-65%. Emulsion with bitumen or tar content above 70-75% are referred to asRead More
Wind turbines, operated at large wind farms, convert the power of the wind into electric energy. The reliability of generation of transmission of this energy depends on good condition of the turbine and its oil system. Oil in wind turbines lubricates and cools bearings and other moving parts. If the oil is contaminated or beginsRead More
The alternative energy is a rapidly developing field. Traditional energy sources are not renewable, and many countries try to replace at least some of them with the energy of the wind, the sun, the tides etc. In many places of the world, using alternative sources is more of a necessity, for instance in remote areasRead More
The issue of oil supply is as important as ever, due to low production levels in many countries. Turbine oils are not an exception. To improve the efficiency of crude oil refining, new petrochemical technologies are developed and implemented. Still, they are not enough to solve the problem: so improving environmentally friendly methods of processingRead More
Transformer oil is a common liquid dielectric used in many types of electrical equipment. It is most often used to increase the dielectric strength and cool transformer windings etc. One of the most important parameters of transformer oil is its dielectric strength. The minimal allowable dielectric strength is often strictly regulated. In general, the dielectricRead More
Turbine oils are used in a wide variety of roles. Apart from lubricating bearings and gears in steam and hydroturbines, these oils are also used in compressor, fans and other machinery. Turbine oils usually consist of highly purified paraffinic oils with various additives to achieve certain performance characteristics of the oils. Turbine oil requirements TurbineRead More
Comparing gasoline and diesel fuel shows that some things that are good in one, are not desirable in the other. For instance, auto-ignition is one the most important parameters of diesel fuel, but is very undesirable in gasoline. This property is quantified by the cetane number. This parameter is defined to a degree by theRead More
Transformer oil is a special fluid used in power transformers. The petroleum product is made by distillation using selective, phenol and acid/base purification, as well as hydrocracking. Transformer lifetime is greatly influenced by the quality and performance of transformer oil. Here are some of the criteria which transformer oils in power transformers must meet:: ReliableRead More
The need for turbine oil regeneration arises when power plants generate large quantities of used oil, the quality characteristics of which cannot be restored by standard purification methods. Turbine oil in use is susceptible to aging, which causes it to lose its performance characteristics and ultimately become unusable. Such oil must be replaced. However, dyeRead More
The conditions of turbine oil operation in a turbine generator are heavy due to a range of unfavorable factors. High temperature Heating of oil in the presence of air causes intensive oxidation and other changes in the oil. Due to evaporation of volatile fractions, viscosity grows, emulsification stability decreases etc. The heating of oil mostlyRead More
The two major groups are water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions. Besides, bitumen emulsion are classified according to the rate of separation: fast, medium and slow breakdown emulsions. The first groups includes emulsions which separate soon after contacting the mineral material. The smaller the particles of the mineral material, the faster the breakdown. Medium breakdown emulsions separateRead More
Hydrodynamic blending systems belong to the type of universal process equipment. The characteristic of hydrodynamic mixing process reduce production time, improve product quality and storage life. The result is that the user of such a unit enjoys not only high processing rate but also rapid return on investment. The hydrodynamic blending process is used forRead More
The results of many research efforts demonstrate that modifying bitumen with polymer additives results in a polymer modified bitumen (PMB) which under stress behaves as a reinforced material. Polymer modification additives are structure-forming; they disperse or create their own structure in the bitumen. The polymer frame limits, on the one hand, flowing at higher temperaturesRead More
The use of bitumen emulsion has several benefits compared to regular bitumen binding materials: the viscosity of bitumen emulsions at room temperature is several times less than that of straight bitumen, facilitating easy permeation even small pores of the treated surface; emulsion higher adhesion to various surfaces, making it possible to create stronger road layers;Read More
Oil-based road construction bitumen is the main binding substance used in construction and repair of roads; it is elastic, can withstand low temperatures and temperature deviations without breaking, and resists deformations. However, specific operation of high load objects such as bridges, overpasses etc require higher quality of asphalt pavements. Normal bitumen cannot entirely meet theseRead More
Biodiesel is currently a vague term. Originally, it referred to the blend of 70-95% regular fuel an 30-5% vegetable oil. Now the term biodiesel refers to a fuel made from animal fat or vegetable oil by transesterification. Using biodiesel as marine fuel reduces the emission of practically all harmful substances usual for regular fuels. DueRead More
In reality, diesel fuel almost always contains water and other impurities. Since regular filters cannot capture water, and separator filters don’t always work as advertised, water contamination remains the biggest concern. The lifetime of a fuel system in a vehicle depends on the quality of the diesel fuel (mostly its purity). When the tank isRead More
Generation of electricity from the power of the wind is one of the most rapidly growing industries. In 2012 the total generation capacity of all wind farms amounted to 282 gigawatts. By 2017 this amount almost doubled and reached 539 gigawatts. The growing number and power of wind turbines requires increased maintenance and servicing. TheRead More
Oil purifier machines are used in just about all industries, because of the variety of oil-filled equipment. The energy sector uses oil to insulate and cool power transformer, machine building uses oil to protect friction parts of machines, for cooling and protection against corrosion. Not a single vehicle with an internal combustion engine can moveRead More
Transformer Oil Change is most often warranted by the results of sample analysis. There are certain parameters that indicate that the oil is in very poor condition and further use may cause transformer failure. These are oil acid number, dielectric strength and dissipation factor. Acid number shows the amount of acids in the transformer oil.Read More
The need for transformer oil conditioning arises when the oil is prepared for transformer filling, or when the oil already in the transformer deteriorates (acidity, dissipation factor, dielectric strength etc). Parameters of fresh transformer oil must meet certain requirements. However, the insulation fluid often becomes contaminated with dust, water and gas during transportation. Sunlight andRead More
Usual guaranteed transformer oil lifetime is 6-8 years. In most cases, the service life before reclamation of changing the oil is over 10 years. Careful operation extends the lifetime of the oil to 20-25 years, and even 30 years for well purified oil in transformers with regular expansion tanks. Incorrect use may reduce the serviceRead More
Electrical insulating oils belong to energy oils class. It also includes turbine and compressor oils. Despite the name, electrical insulating oils not only prevent possible contact between energized components of transformers, they also dissipate heat and extinguish arc in electrical switches. The better the performance of an insulating oil, the more reliable the equipment andRead More
The quality of transformer oil during transformer operation can be determined by taking and analyzing samples and comparing certain parameters against the standards. These parameters include acid number, dielectric strength, dissipation factor, settling point, flashpoint etc. In this article we will look at transformer oil acid neutralization. What is the acid number? Let usRead More
FR3 is a fireproof dielectric liquid based on ester. This product was specifically developed for use in transformer with high environmental and fire safety requirements. The base of the FR3 production are vegetable oils with natural additives. The fluid is fireproof, since it contains no petrochemicals, silicone organic compounds or any other potentially hazardous substances.Read More
In the process of emulsification, bitumen is dispersed into microscopic particles, while internal cohesion and viscosity of bitumen, as well as interfacial tension resist the formation of new phase boundary surface. Bitumen particles tend to coalesce. To make a stable emulsion, it is necessary not only to apply mechanical forces correctly to make small enoughRead More
Bitumen emulsions dispersed systems which consists mainly of bitumen and water, in which one liquid is dispersed in the other in the form of small droplets. The breaking (dispersion) of bitumen in water is usually done in colloid mills, also referred to as homogenizers or dispersers. Regardless of the actual design of the equipment, theRead More
Although the cost structure of vehicle fleets and central heating facilities is quite diverse, some expenses are common to all, especially the cost of fuel, which amounts to at least 40% of the total costs. Apparently, with the current economic trends, this number is about to keep growing in the coming years. Fuel homogenization increasesRead More
Bitumen emulsions have found wide use recently in construction and road repairs. Straight bitumen has long been the only binding material, but with the emergence of bitumen emulsion, the situation started to change, because emulsion have several apparent benefits compared to the traditional binding material, including: savings on heating; no harmful emissions into the environment;Read More
Bitumen emulsions are successfully applied in construction of pavements with various mineral aggregates by mixing on the road and impregnation surface treatment (single or double) and also by making black top with mineral aggregate made by mixing the aggregate with emulsions. Acidic bitumen emulsions ensure excellent adhesion of bitumen with the minerals for water resistantRead More
Most modern transformers use oil for insulation and cooling. The condition of oil defines transformer reliability and continuous power supply to the clients. Therefore, all procedures related to insulating fluid must be performed in strict accordance with the standards for quality and safety. In this article we will look at the process of transformer oilRead More
X-ray machines are used for medical or industrial purposes. The former are used for diagnosis of illnesses, while the latter help find defects in metal and non-metal structures (non-destructive control). Normal operation of an X-ray tube (XRT) requires high voltage, which may, depending on the purpose of the X-ray machine, reach as high as tensRead More
Industrial oil purification is a process that can recover used oil to newlike condition. If you are going to restore the oil, you need to know some important facts about oil purification equipment. Oil Purification Equipment Differences There are different types of oil purification equipment. Their differences are basically determined by the types of processedRead More
Creating durable, cost-effective, environmentally friendly roofing and waterproofing materials is one of the most urgent tasks of civil and road construction. In the past years, a variety of methods were used to try to solve this task, until the application of bitumen emulsions came to the fore. Their popularity in roofing, waterproofing and road worksRead More
Hydraulic oil purification is a mandatory technological operation that must be performed before pouring such oil into equipment and periodically during oil operation. In most cases, hydraulic oil is used in the equipment which is sensitive to contamination. Terefore, the defined technical requirements for these fluids are clear enough, and product manufacturers try to complyRead More
Power transformers are the most expensive part of electric networks equipment. Perhaps this is why a large amount of such equipment has already exceeded its estimated service life. Not every electric power company can afford spending lots of money on transformer replacement. Therefore, the task of improving reliability of the existing fleet of power transformersRead More
Petroleum oils are chemically aggressive substances which are able to interact with other materials under certain environmental conditions. Incineration of waste oil can lead to emission of undesired components into the atmosphere (sulfur oxides, carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, dust, ash, soot, etc.). The substances contained in waste oil can cause serious diseases, as well asRead More
Quality of transformer oil is an unstable property which is caused by the influence of a number of negative factors. Oxidation may be considered the most significant factor. The impact of sunlight, high temperatures, as well as some other factors contributes to the development of transformer oil oxidation. As a result, acids may form inRead More
Petroleum oil is essential in many industries, performing heat dissipation, lubricating, protective and other functions. But during operation, they are affected by many negative factors, which include friction, exposure to high temperatures, atmospheric oxygen and mechanical dirt particles. As a result, the oil begins to lose its properties and can not fully carry out itsRead More
Much attention in the European Union (EU) is traditionally paid to the issue of recycling of waste of different origin. Waste petroleum oil is no exception. When released into the environment, it can cause the death of animals, contamination of ground and drinking water, as well as the violation of virtually all biological links inRead More
World reserves of oil decrease over time, which makes the issue of used oil economy quite a pressing challenge. When considering the process of diesel fuel consumption, we should note that the problem of its saving must be addressed at three levels: at state level, at major consumers’ level and ordinary consumers’ level. GovernmentRead More
Contaminant Composition Aging of mineral oil occurs due to accumulation of contaminants with adverse effects on the operation of engines and machines. When motor oils become contaminated, the wear of the piston engine parts and carbon deposition increases, oil conduits and filters become clogged, normal operation and temperature of friction parts and the engine areRead More
Rapid degradation of transformer oil quality may occur not only due to insufficient chemical stability, but also due to the influence of construction and insulation materials used in a transformer. The most active catalyst of transformer oil oxidation is copper. The opinions of researchers regarding the influence of iron, aluminum, nickel and zinc are divided.Read More
The reliability of high voltage transformers in severe operation conditions is mainly defined by the quality of insulation oil. Mineral transformer oil is widely used for cooling and electrical insulation in oil-filled electrical systems. Transformer oil is a product of crude oil refining, and its chemical composition is largely determined by the hydrocarbon composition ofRead More
Power distribution and supply systems rely on transformers, which convert voltage and amperage at the same frequency and at the same power. Reliable transformer operation depends on the condition of its insulation system, which consists of cellulose insulation and dielectric oil. Such oil is also used in other electrical equipment, such as switches, cables etc.Read More
In many countries around the world today most of the transformers in operation were commissioned in the end of the previous century. That is why the issue of equipment replacement or lifetime extension is becoming important now. Power generation and distribution facilities must make decisions on the future strategy of improving the reliability of operatingRead More
This article is about oil reconditioning and the equipment required for this process. Let us first consider the basic types of modern industrial oil, their purposes and application. Classification of oils in the industry The main application of oils is lubrication of internal combustion engines. Depending on the purpose, the oils are classified as follows: dieselRead More
Natural energy reserves are unevenly distributed, making shortages of energy resources common in many countries. This is an incentive for three things: looking for less expensive imports, saving energy and developing alternative heat and energy sources. According to industry professionals, coal-water fuel (also known as CWF or coal slurry) is a promising product. CWF isRead More
Reliability and efficiency of modern electrical grids depends on power transformers. Transformer failures are down time can be very costly. All things considered (the cost of a new transformer, disposal of the failed transformer, transportation, installation etc), the expenses may run into millions of dollars. The primary cause of transformer failure is damaged insulation, whichRead More
The contamination of transformer oil during transportation and storage is not only particulate matter, but also water and gases from the air. The oil begins to age, and its parameters degrade: acid number and dissipation factor grow, while its dielectric strength decreases. This makes drying and degassing of oil imperative to keep the oil inRead More
Wind Turbine Flushing is a process used in many types of industrial equipment to prevent faults related to the oil system. This article deals with oil flushing of hydraulic systems and wind turbine gearboxes. The purpose of Wind Turbine flushing When oil filled equipment is operated, several processes influence the quality of oil. These areRead More
Both natural materials (bleaching clays, natural bauxites and zeolites) and synthetic substances (silica gel, aluminum oxide, alumina silicate catalyst and synthetic zeolite) are used for adsorption purification of mineral oil. Bleaching clay, silica gel, aluminum oxide and alumina silicate are used mostly for waste oil regeneration. Aluminum silicate used as adsorbents vary widely in chemicalRead More
Literature contains much information on using bitumen emulsions in road construction. Damaged bitumen surfaces Surface damage. The beginning of surface damage is easily visible after rain. The first indications of surface destruction can be identified by finding wet spots on an otherwise dry surface. These may be caused by insufficient binder content in the surface,Read More
Practical experience of marine power plant operation shows that their reliability, mean time between failures and time before overhaul depends on operation parameters related to fuel quality. Many river vessels use diesel fuel and fuel oil for propulsion. Fuel always contains sulfur and its sulfuric compounds (mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides etc). These substances reduce quality andRead More
Any oil used in electrical equipment must comply with certain requirements. I.e. its quality and parameters must not be below the values stated in regulatory documents and equipment manuals. Any deviation may lead to transformer malfunction and outrage. Some of the most important indications of oil quality are its dielectric strength, moisture and gas content.Read More
Both production volume and consumption of biodiesel have been growing due to two main factors. First, the global environmental deterioration, caused mainly by the emissions from burning fossil fuel. Second, this deterioration caused tightening of exhaust emission regulations. Many countries have adopted laws to gradually increase the share of biodiesel used as fuel. The selectionRead More
Vacuum is understood as a certain area of space with pressure less than that of the ambient atmosphere. There is also the concept of the ideal or absolute vacuum: a space totally devoid of matter. However, achieving this condition is impossible. The former definition is usually used. The degrees of vacuum The range of pressuresRead More
Petroleum based oils have a wide range of industrial uses. They lubricate, dissipate heat and provide electrical insulation in high voltage systems. The oils age in use, their performance degrades and ultimately, a large amount of potentially hazardous waste is generated. This article deals with: disposal of oil; oil regeneration; oil re-refining. Used oil disposalRead More
GlobeCore began in 1969. It was then when a new company, originally serving the agricultural industry, was formed. Today GlobeCore is a world leader in the production of oil purification and filtration machines. In this article we show the progress of our company in the last 50 years. The focus of purification and regeneration ofRead More
Removal of heavy metals and neutralization of heavy metals are words instantly familiar to all environmental scientists and wastewater purification specialists. In this article we will discuss the existing methods of removal of heavy metals, analyze benefits and limitations and will suggest techniques to improve efficiency of wastewater purification. What are the heavy metals HeavyRead More
Dielectric strength is an indicator used to assess insulation properties of transformer oil. It is very often equated with breakdown voltage, but their numerical values are not equal. Breakdown voltage is a minimum voltage applied to an insulation, resulting in its breaking down and becoming electrically conductive. At the same time dielectric strength is aRead More
One of the main reasons of failures and damages of turbine oil systems (regulating, lubricating and shaft sealing) is loss of performance properties of turbine oils. It is due to the fact that some energy facilities are at a final stage of their exploitation. Besides the existing methods of oil analysis as well as equipmentRead More
Depending on the voltage class, the preventive maintenance of a power transformer may be performed from once a year to once every four years. This process is most often performed by a three man team, with the transformer taken offline. The maintenance includes a clear sequence of certain operations. First, general transformer condition is checked.Read More
The importance of analyzing transformer oil is well known and undisputed. Beside the information on the current condition of the insulation fluid, the analysis also reveals other problems: aging of cellulose insulation, partial discharges etc. Full and abbreviated analysis can be performed on the transformer oil. The process of transformer maintenance has been rapidly developingRead More
Any transformer oil, even very well purified, contains some amount of naphthenic acids. These substances are part of any crude oil. Acids, in certain concentration, can damage the construction materials of a transformer. If the oil also contains water, the so called metallic soap forms. These substances accelerate oil oxidation. They gradually accumulate in theRead More
Transformer oil is intended for insulation of energized parts of power transformers from deenergized elements, as well as for heat transfer to cooling systems. This product is used in many transformers, although some may also use the so-called synthetic oil. There are also transformers operating without oil. Transformer oil is produced by purification of crudeRead More
Transformer oil is a special type of fluid which is used to fill power transformers. This product is obtained from petroleum distillates by application of selective, phenolic-alkaline and acid cleaning processes, as well as hydrocracking. Quality and characteristics of transformer oil has a huge impact on the service life of a transformer. Let us formulateRead More
Filtration, despite rapid development of science and technology, is still an important part of industrial fluid purification. A filter predominantly separates solids and water. Filtration is a common process, applied alone or in combination with other approaches. It all depends on the purity requirements and the initial composition of contaminants. The effectiveness of filtration isRead More
Everything you need for transmission oil, turbine oil, transformers oil, oil rehabilitation. Do you service of your turbine, transformer or a car’s transmission components in proper time? If so or not, then it’s time to get with the Oil Filtration Process, The GlobeCore’s Process! Here at GlobeCore we are committed to serving the turbines, transformers,Read More
The corrosive sulfur removal problem with transformer oil is widely known. Corrosive sulfur is the cause of contact disruption, forms deposits on copper and silver surfaces and interferes with the operation of winding winding and oil-filled switches. How corrosive sulfur appears in transformer oil The most natural origin of sulfur and sulfur compounds in transformerRead More
The idea for mixing several components is usually to make a new product with new properties and characteristics. In many cases the task is as simple as using a regular mechanical agitator with an electric drive. However, more often than not, we deal with components which mix poorly, in which case a mechanical mixer isRead More
Before we go for an in depth discussion of oil purification, let us look at the history and development of lubrication materials. It is impossible to say for certain, when a lubrication material first came into use. It probably happened about the time when humans started using tools. Ancient Egyptians used olive oil to reduceRead More
Oil Flushing is used in hydraulic and turbine system to remove any bad contaminants. It prevents you from unfortunate failures in functioning of your plants. Therefore it gives you an opportunity to prolong its service life and reliability of operation of turbines. Oil Flushing is performed through cleaning of the system and bringing the fuelRead More
Transformers play an essential role in power transmission and distribution. Electricity generated by power plants cannot be supplied to residential and industrial consumers directly. Voltage is increased for long-range transmission and must be reduced before this power can be used for running industrial machinery or powering air conditioners and computers in households. Such transmission ofRead More
Disinfection is a complex process of destroying parasites that spread invasive diseases (caused by helminth parasites and arthropods). Sanitary regulations and rules set requirements for deworming/ disinfection. The word “disinfection” came from Latin words “invasio” (invasion) and “des” (from). The quality wastewater treatment is a pressing issue in most countries. The reason is a growingRead More
Produced water from oil and gas exploration and production. Man made bore holes cause many billions of cubic meters of water pouring out from the depths of the Earth and poison its surface and all living creatures in waterways. These include co-produced water in oil and gas production fields. The content of oil and gasRead More
Domestic wastewater of cities and countries is now overwhelming. The sewage treatment facilities have used to the limit all available reserves. The existing technological lines that proved themselves over the years [120, 134] do not cope with the increased flow of wastewaters. The new sewage treatment facilities are expensive to build. It would seem aRead More
In most facilities, such water is purified by oxidizing phenol and other organic contaminants by manganese peroxide, sodium or potassium dichromate at 95-100º С. The oxidation process takes 3 to 5 hours, consuming 5 grams of oxidant per 1 gram of phenol. The purification unit with 12 reactors 25 m3 each can purify 400 to 600 m3 ofRead More
The nature of the vortex layer used for treatment of waste water containing hexavalent chrome and other heavy metals allows to radically reduce reagent consumption, achieves a more complete purification and makes the process continuous. Ferromagnetic elements in the active zone of the AVS device, in the electromagnetic field, intensively mix the reagents entering theRead More
A pressing problem of mining and ore industry is the removal of arsenic from waste water by precipitating it using iron hydroxide or reduction by Na2S, K2S, FeS2. The sedimentation process occurs when a ferrous salt, such as FeCl3, forms a soft amorphous sediment Fe(OH)3 in alkaline environment, which has larger active area. As theRead More
The most toxic waste waters are those containing both simple cyanides (with CN—ions) and complex [Cu(CN2)—], [Cu(CN3)-2], [Zn(CN4)-2] etc. Total concentration of simple and complex cyanides varies from 10-15 to 150-300 mg/liter. The most widespread method today is reagent method of oxidation by calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2, hypochlorite lime CaOCl2 or gaseous chlorine. Most of the cyanide-containing waterRead More
Research performed in the area of decontamination and fluor removal from waste water using AVS shows (table 5) that these devices are more efficient compared to the existing equipment. Fluor removal and transformation of phosphates into water-insoluble compounds occurs in one stage. The content of fluor in purified waste water in optimal conditions (pH =Read More
Wastewater containing petroleum products are among the most difficult to neutralize.. Especially difficult for processing are wastewaters containing, in addition to petroleum products, metal shavings, sand, rags and other inclusions, both solid and liquid. Therefore, wastewater is very difficult to classify. In some cases, they are divided into types: “flammable” or “non flammable”. For example,Read More
The conditions created in the processing area of the AVS allow to carry out practically any technological processes. The plants are particularly effective in industries that require rapid and uniform mixing (especially if the content of components is calculated in units or percentages) where it is necessary to treat suspensions (heterogeneous systems) regardless of theirRead More
GlobeCore offers several models of transformer oil regeneration units. This article looks into the differences between regeneration in MCU and CMM-R types. Application The MCU units are designed for partial regeneration of transformer oil, which includes removal of water, water-soluble acids and particulate matter. The CMM-R, on the other hand, performs complete regeneration, including removalRead More
Insulation oil is a general term for industrial oils used in high voltage systems. This groups includes transformer, capacitor and cable oils. This article looks into the features of such oils and insulating oil clarification systems. Transformer oil is widely used in modern transformers as an insulation and heat dissipation medium. It also protects celluloseRead More
The gearbox is an important part of a wind turbine. It provides system motion that is essential for wind power generation. Therefore, the condition of a gearbox shouldn’t be neglected, lest the operator faces grave consequences. No less important for proper maintenance is to know more about wind turbine gearbox types and designs. Wind TurbineRead More
Wind turbine oil system provides lubrication for the inner parts of the turbine, which is very important for the safety and efficiency of the unit. It is clearly understandable that condition of the oil in the system is crucial as well. To keep wind power plant systems safe and clean, manufacturers must maintain them properlyRead More
Wind turbine is a large and complex machine that produces electricity. Of course, its efficiency depends on the conditions of its components. One of the most important parts is the wind turbine gearbox. If any of the windmill inner parts wears out quickly, it causes financial losses and even danger of total turbine failure. That’sRead More
Transformer oil recovery is a powerful tool in combating waste pollution. A staggering amount of waste oil is generated in the world each year. Unfortunately, a lot of countries have yet to formulate sound policies in handling this type of waste, therefore much oil is spilled into the ground or water bodies, causing irreparable harmRead More
In this article, we will look at transformer oil degassing, how to find out when it is time to degass the oil, what the methods of transformer oxidation protection are and will look at equipment used to remove gases from electrical insulating fluids. How gases enter transformer oil Even under normal circumstances, transformer oil canRead More
A Transformer Oil Refining Machine is a device that can make aged oil as good as new. Why is oil refining useful and important? During operation of a transformer, oil undergoes profound changes, usually referred to as “aging”. With this aging, there are changes in the chemical and electrophysical parameters of the oil. Its electricalRead More
A wind farm is a group of windmills, located in one area, to produce a large amount of electricity. Since wind farms may consist of dozens or even hundreds of mills, their maintenance is a complicated and expensive business. That is why wind farm service requires optimal, reliable techniques, which will make all the operationsRead More
Transformer oil degradation is a process caused by a number of factors. It can be the result of thermal, mechanical stresses and a few other things. Aging of transformer oil leads to many possible failures. That is why proper transformer maintenance is important. Transformer oil maintenance Maintenance of transformer oil should include several important phases,Read More
In this article, we will describe the process of transformer oil dehydration. You will read about the danger of moisture in insulation oil, what kinds of moisture there can be and learn of the most efficient methods of removing that moisture. The current transformer oil testing standards regulate the primary parameters and properties of theRead More
Transformer oil deterioration is a number of changes in the insulation fluid which occur during operation of a transformer. These usually result in degradation of physical, chemical and operational properties of the oil. The quality of the oil deteriorates to the point when it becomes apparent that the fluid is reaching the end of itsRead More
Wind energy is one of alternative sources for human livelihood. Scientists found out that it has the lowest impact on the greenhouse effect. Wind technology doesn’t demand use of a large number of exhaustible resources. They don’t cause environmental damage as roughly as other energy providers, such as fossil fuel plants. So it is theRead More
Wind turbines are one of the most powerful and widespread energy source all over the world. Actually humans used the energy of the wind centuries and even millennia ago. However modern technologies of wind power service became available with nowadays rapid industry development. Wind Turbines in the World People came up with wind energy useRead More
Hydraulic system of special equipment is a set of hydraulic devices that are part of the hydraulic drive. Hydraulic units are expensive and high-precision elements, without which it is impossible to perform and perform intensive heavy work of special equipment in conditions of any complexity. So the equipment needs proper hydraulic oil filter system, becauseRead More
The industrial oils, such as transformer, turbine, insulating, lubricating, demand special attention. The correct operation and safety of various industrial equipment directly depends on their condition. So industrial oil quality improvement creates a good perspective for the work of transformers and other similar devices. Industrial Oil Quality Indicators It is important to remember and followRead More
Fuller’s Earth is a natural material with a high absorption capacity, consisting mainly of attapulgite. Refers to the bleaching and purifying clay species. Fuller’s earth has wide range of usage in different spheres: сosmetics production, chemistry, industry. Mainly this material is widely used for oil purification. Fuller’s Earth Features Origin Fuller’s earth (also called MontmorilloniteRead More
Oil degradation is a wide-spread problem in industries using oil-filled transformer equipment. There are many causes of the degrading or aging of industrial oil. Of course, oil “ages in service”, but mostly it ages because it oxidizes, forming oxidation compounds and aging products. The rate of oxidation goes different depending on a number of factors.Read More
Operation and long storage of lube, turbine and other industrial oil cause contamination of the oil, leading to poor performance. With time, this process causes increased equipment wear, and, in case of electrical insulation oil, failures in electricity transmission grids. It is practically impossible to prevent or stop this process. However, the oxidized oil canRead More
Bitumen emulsion is a binding material, consisting of water and bitumen. Emulsion is a disperse system, with particles of bitumen dispersed in water. The main task is to keep bitumen microparticles from coalescing, which maintains physicochemical properties of the emulsion and its quality. This stability is achieved with special emulsifiers. Bitumen emulsions are transportable, easilyRead More
Although the topic of mixed fuel is relatively new, it is constantly attracting the attention of young and experienced drivers. On hearing about “mixed fuel”, they immediately try to find out what it is and whether it can be used in their cars. Let’s try to understand ourselves. Mixed fuels appeared due to a shortageRead More
Quartz is a natural mineral. It is quite common in the earth’s crust and has a number of important properties: high strength, resistance to fracture, and high sorption properties. Quartz is a component of rocks and minerals, and its mass fraction in the earth’s crust is more than 60%. In industry it is used mainlyRead More
REMOVING IMPURITIES FROM FUEL Fuel Purification is a process mandatory after long term storage or contact with air. There are many methods of removing water and particulate matter from motor fuels. The most common methods are settling, centrifugation and filtration. Of course, all processes have both advantages and limitation, and research into the development ofRead More
Recently, the energy of the wind has become a very popular energy. This method of obtaining energy is environmentally friendly, as it does not produce harmful waste. To better understand wind turbine, let’s consider what kind of equipment it is and how it works. In general, wind turbines are structures carrying a nacelle with bladesRead More
Laying of asphalt surfaces during road repair and construction uses bituminous binders. Bitumen at normal temperatures is a solid or viscous substance. The use of bitumen in this state is impossible, therefore, it is modified in various ways to improve its physicochemical characteristics. Bitumen heated to 100-200°C is used in the preparation of asphalt mixtures.Read More
It would be hard to imagine the modern industries without a variety of machines and mechanisms that improve the production processes in all branches of the national economy. Typically, these machines include knots of friction and adhesion, which wear out in time, due to intensive abrasion of metal parts. The friction is reduced by theRead More
Today, the largest share of consumed lubricants belongs to petroleum based oils. The upward trend of this product requires new and improved existing methods of collection, processing and regeneration. One of the most economical ways of handling oil resources is regeneration of used oil directly on site. As oil aging have a great impact onRead More
It is common knowledge that moisture significantly reduces the insulating properties of transformer oil. The influence of moisture in oil is different depending on the temperature and the amount of moisture and the state it is present in a dielectric fluid. The moisture in oil can be present in three states: emulsion, solution and sedimentedRead More
When the transformer is under load, the energy loss in the magnetic core and the windings turns into heat which can damage insulation. It is important to keep a close watch on the temperature inside the equipment to prevent overheating and possible fires at substations. The main part of transformer cooling in this case isRead More
Grinding precision is one of the main parameters of cement quality. This construction material is one of the few, whose strength is improved by interaction with molecules of water. It is important to ensure thorough hydration of the substance. Apparently, water binds smaller particles better. Specific surface is the parameter used in laboratory conditions toRead More
Oil Recycling technologies and ways of realization Oil recycling is an important direction in handling mankind’s industrial waste. To make the existing ecological situation better, it is vitally important to organize a proper waste oil collection and delivery to specialized enterprises engaged in oil recycling. Oil recycling is not exactly a new problem. Recent yearsRead More
The nonrenewable energy sources such as oil, gas, shale and coal compels humanity to look at alternative resources, in particular, at the energy of water, wind and sun. Hydroelectric power plants and storage hydroelectric power stations occupy a special place in the modern energy systems, balancing the loads when load changes, and storing energy forRead More
A dry air system is essential equipment, particularly in the electric power industry, to ensure transformers remain operational, safe, and moisture-free. GlobeCore’s Mojave Heat is an advanced dry air system specifically engineered to protect transformers from moisture and contamination during maintenance and repair operations. Importance of Dry Air Systems in Transformer Maintenance Power transformers areRead More
Turbine oil is produced from refined crude oil distillates and is used as a lubricant in bearings and gears of hydro and gas turbine assemblies. It also serves in various industrial equipment. High quality product oxidizes slowly, does not form sludge and is resistant to corrosion formation. To improve the quality, additives are mixed intoRead More
Cement manufacturing is always one of the most actual and perspective industry. Cement is always important component for building. That’s why the new electromagnetic cement crushing machine is a valuable discovery of advanced technologies. It provides unique physical process. This machine can provide effective development of special concrete features. What for we need Cement CrushingRead More
A disintegrator is a type of crushing equipment used for fine grinding of materials. Such machines are widely used in the following industries: mining; chemical; building; food. Specifically, in the building industry this equipment crushes cement, sand, clay and other bulk materials, which are used for preparation of building mixtures. Depending on the grinding efficiency,Read More
Any oil used in manufacturing or in any other industry becomes contaminated with time. This reflects not only on the oil’s color, but also on its physical and chemical properties. Naturally, light oil looks better. The main task of purification is to remove impurities, such as resins, certain hydrocarbons, solid particles and water from theRead More
DRYING OF TRANSFORMER INSULATION: WHEN IS IT NEEDED? Transformer insulation needs drying to fully comply to existing standards and requirements. The cases in which the drying of transformer is necessary are as follows: traces of water were found on the active part or in the tank; storage of a transformer without oil exceeded one year;Read More
Transformer oil is not only a lubricant that protects the active part of high voltage equipment from overheating, it is also an arc suppression medium and protects transformer from penetrating moisture. Therefore, the life of transformer equipment directly depends on the quality of a dielectric used. To avoid undesirable consequences of a contaminated dielectric, itRead More
Waste Oil Refining in the Power Industry Waste Oil Refining with special oil purification equipment significantly reduces costs, time and effort. Using industrial oils for power and hydraulic equipment has several conditions that must be satisfied. The purity of the oil is one of the most important factors which define correct operation and reliability ofRead More
Power transformers are the basis of the modern electric power industry. Their reliable operation guarantees the delivery of electricity to large industrial facilities and ordinary consumers. In this article we will consider the oil servicing – as an important component of the transformer insulation maintenance. We shall begin with functions. Oil in transformer isolates individualRead More
Industrial OIL CLEANING : BASIC METHODS Petroleum base oils are indispensable in many industries, performing heat-removing, lubricating, protective functions etc. Oils are constantly exposed to many negative factors, which include friction, exposure to high temperatures, oxygen, pollution by mechanical particles. As a result, oil begins to lose its properties and can not continue to performRead More
Cooling classes of liquid-immersed transformers are covered by IEEE C57.12.00 A short explanation of each class follows. Liquid-Immersed Transformers, Air-Cooled There are three classes in this category. 1. Class OA: Oil-immersed, self-cooled. Transformer windings and core are immersed in some type of oil and are self-cooled by natural circulation of air around the outside enclosure.Read More
An oil purifier is a device designed to remove harmful impurities (solid particles, water and gases) from oil. Oil purifier: what was it like before? At first, large sedimentation tanks were used as oil purifiers. Contaminated oil was kept in the tanks for a period of time. Large impurities in the oil gradually settled onRead More
Oil Dehydration Industrial oil must not contain water. So it is an issue for oil systems. Nevertheless, water removal is possible and easy to do with oil dehydrator. Though, only a few sources can give the real facts of unfortunate water contaminant in industrial oil. The oil dehydration is classical industrial equipment service, but weRead More
Contaminated Transformer Oil Purification Methods Transformer oil becomes contaminated and oxidized during use or long term storage. Small particles of transformer construction materials, as well as solved water and gas reduce the dielectric strength of the oil. Continued use of such product in the electrical equipment, failures are unavoidable. Therefore, many facilities protect their transformerRead More
Oil processing is a critical practice for extending the lifespan of oils and the equipment that depends on them. Regular oil processing not only leads to significant cost savings by reducing the need to purchase new oil but also enhances machinery performance and supports environmental sustainability by minimizing waste. This article explores various techniques ofRead More
Power transformers are an essential part of the modern electric power industry. Their reliability ensures power supply to large industrial facilities and residential consumers. In this article we will learn about transformer oil, which is an important part of transformer insulation system, and oil maintenance. Let’s start with oil functions. Oil in a transformer isolatesRead More
Bitumen modification is a process most often used in the production of high quality materials for road construction and repair of highways, as well as roofing. The product certainly deserves consideration. What is bitumen modification? Scope of use. Bitumen is a black substance insoluble in water that contains high molecular weight hydrocarbons and their derivatives.Read More
Portable oil filter cart CMM-0.6 is designed for cleaning industrial oils with a maximum viscosity of up to 70 cts at a temperature of 50 °C. During operation, transformer oil is oxidized and contaminated. Transformer tank with a liquid dielectric accumulates moisture, impurities and gas. They significantly reduce the insulating properties of transformer oil. OxidationRead More
Turbine Gear Oil The number of alternative energy generation sources is growing. The share of renewable power generation, according to some optimistic estimates, will reach at least 32% by 2030. This transition is spurred by the pressing environmental problems, such as harmful emissions, global warming etc. Wind is an important source of renewable energy. InRead More
Transformer Insulating Oil Electrical transformers need an adequate insulation. One of the most important components of insulation system is transformer insulating oil. It is a fluid or liquid substance that is common for transformer system and known as the most popular insulating material all over the world. Transformer Insulation System Each transformer has its ownRead More
Transformer Oil Treatment: Essential Guide to Types, Functions, and Maintenance Transformer oil plays a critical role in the performance and longevity of transformers. As a liquid insulator, it not only provides insulation but also transfers heat throughout the system. Therefore, understanding the basics of transformer oil treatment is essential for anyone involved in maintaining electricalRead More
Industrial oils usually get contaminated and oxidized. So it’s important to know, how you can restore oil. The mechanisms always need proper heat dissipation, insulation and also lubrication of bearings and gearboxes in turbines of power plants. How to Restore Oil? To restore oil and rejuvenate it to the original properties and parameters you needRead More
Normal operation of electrical devices depends on regular maintenance. Transformer maintenance is a prerequisite for its reliable operation. How often is it necessary to perform transformer maintenance? It is not easy to give a clear answer to this question, since it depends on the technical condition of the equipment and no two units are theRead More
Single-Phase Transformer Single-phase transformer may be connected to obtain three-phase power. These are found at many Reclamation facilities, at shops, offices, and warehouses. ANSI standard connections are illustrated below in the following figures. There are other angular displacements that will work, but are seldom used. Do not attempt to connect single-phase units together in anyRead More
Alternative fuels appeared due to several factors. First, the countries with limited mineral reserves were searching to reduce their fuel dependence from foreign suppliers. Secondly, alternative fuels were considered more environmentally friendly than traditional fuels. Therefore, a biodiesel production was reasonably thought as a way to solve both problems. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel thatRead More
Transformer oil is widely used as coolant, insulator and suppressor of the arc in electrical devices. The composition of transformer oil includes naphthenes, paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons. The mass fraction of other components, as a rule, does not exceed 4-5% (for a fresh product). Transformer oil operating performance Performance of transformer oil is evaluated byRead More
Three-Phase Transformer There are main different types of oil transformers, that we can discuss. Figures below show principles of single-phase and three-phase transformer. We can also look at special technological devises and methods, that can optimize and improve oil transformers. Three-phase power is attainable with one three-phase transformer, which is constructed with three single-phase unitsRead More
Power transformers are the most important components of an electrical grid. Transformers designs differ by the cooling and electrical insulation systems used. There are dry transformers and oil-immersed transformers. Most of transformers in service are oil-immersed. Their tank, containing the core, is filled with oil. The oil removes heat and ensures dielectric strength of insulation.Read More
Oil Treatment Hydraulic equipment, its maintenance or repair is not cheap. It is therefore recommended to develop and implement preventive maintenance program involving regular cleaning of hydraulic oil. Where do your money go? The largest operating costs of a hydraulic system are related to the following: oil change; parts replacement; equipment repair. Oil change involvesRead More
Oil Recovery To date, oil recovery occupies an important place in the environmental policy of every country. Petroleum products contaminated with various impurities (metal particles, water, dirt, oxidation products, etc.) significantly deteriorate and must be collected and recovered. Oil recovery is re-use of oil, both for its original and other purposes. Below is the analysisRead More
In today’s technologically advanced world, the proper handling of waste materials has become more critical than ever. Oil reclamation plays a pivotal role in this context, addressing the challenges posed by used and waste oils. Industrial oils, after serving their purpose, often become contaminants if not handled correctly. Unfortunately, in many countries, waste oil isRead More
Sudden Pressure Relay Internal arcing in an oil-filled power transformer can instantly vaporize surrounding oil, generating gas pressures that can cause catastrophic failure, rupture the tank, and spread flaming oil over a large area. This can damage or destroy other equipment, in addition to the transformer, and present extreme hazards to workers. The relay isRead More
Oil ages differently depending on the type of oil, configuration of the system the oil is used in, its temperature etc. Contamination, however, is a significant factor which accelerates oil aging. Mechanical parts, wheels, gears and hydraulic cylinders wear with time, forming solid particles. The abrasive particles increase the wear of mechanical parts drastically. TurbineRead More
Insulating oil in Power Transformer Oil-impregnated paper is widely used in power transmission equipment as a reliable insulation. However, copper sulphide deposition on oil-paper insulation can lead to insulation failures in power transformers. The paper shows the influences of copper sulfur corrosion and copper sulphide deposition on copper wires and oil-paper insulation in power transformers.Read More
The Buchholz relay (figures 33 and 34) has two oil-filled chambers with floats and relays arranged vertically—one over the other. If high eddy currents, local overheating, or partial discharges occur within the tank, bubbles of resultant gas rise to the top of the tank. These bubbles rise through the pipe between the tank and theRead More
Transformer Bushings When bushings are new, they should be Doble tested as an acceptance test. Refer to the M4000 Doble test set instructions, the Doble Bushing Field Test Guide [9], and the manufacturer’s data for guidance on acceptable results. CAUTION: Do not test a bushing while it is in its wood shipping crate, or whileRead More
After 1 month of service and yearly, inspect the gas pressure control components. There is normally an adjustable, three-element, pressure control system for inert gas, which maintains a pressure range of 0.5 to 5 psi in the transformer tank. There is also a bleeder valve that exhausts gas to atmosphere when pressure exceeds relief pressureRead More
Comparison of Silicone Oil and Mineral Oil Transformers Some general conclusions can be drawn by comparing silicone oil and mineral oil transformers. 1. All silicone oil-filled transformers will have a great deal more CO than normal mineral oil-filled transformers. CO can come from two sources—the oil itself and from degradation of paper insulation. If theRead More
Model Iney The “Frost” Model by GlobeCore is designed for vacuuming and drying the solid insulation of electric power transformers from 110 to 1100 kW. This equipment is used for maintaining the efficient operations of transformers. In order to ensure the initial trouble free operation of your electric power transformers, the use of the “Frost”Read More
Vacuum Model UVD-4, manufactured by GlobeCore, is used for topping off oil into high-voltage transformer bushings and circuit breakers. It is also used for preparing the transformer for its initial operation, degasing, storage and transporting to power plants, substations and other power and industrial plant locations. With the UVD-4 piston design, oil filling is performedRead More
Low Temperature Refrigeration Systems Production of new equipment has begun with GlobeCore’s low-temperature refrigeration units. These exciting new units are based on a two (2) stage design and are used for drying the windings inside electric power transformers. The drying takes place during de-pressurization and during service maintenance events. The machines can reduce working surfaceRead More
Turbine oil is used for lubrication of various components of steam and gas turbines, hydrocompressors, turbine pumps, hydro-turbines and similar equipment. Turbine oil can also be used as fluid in regulation systems.The oils can be natural or synthetic. The former are made from crude oil distillates after deep purification. The necessary properties are ensired byRead More
Industrial oils regeneration Long use of industrial and motor oil causes accumulation of oxidation products and other contaminants. Together these substances adversely affect oil performance, drastically reducing the oil’s quality. To avoid failures of costly equipment, old used oils should be changed with new. Old oil is collected for special regeneration processing. Such operations savesRead More
Used oil regeneration Transformer oils perform several functions. They operate as liquid insulation and heat dissipation medium in oil filled switches, transformers, power cables and high voltage capacitors. Besides, they also act as arc extinguisher. Transformer oil is made by purification of petroleum oils, made in turn from crude oil. The crude oil originates fromRead More
Restoration of Used Oil The following are some of the most popular oil regeneration methods and represent a combination of physical and chemical purification methods. These methods include Ion exchange, coagulation, selective contaminate solution and adsorption. The process of coagulation makes particulate matter in the oil larger grow larger. This is possible with the introductionRead More
Oil Filled Electric Power Transformer According to international standards, oil filled electric power transformer repairs are divided into three types: (1) minor repairs; (2) moderate repairs (Intermediate Maintenance); and (3) complete overhaul (Depot Maintenance). Minor repairs usually include only preventive maintenance, although some minor corrective maintenance may be included in this category. Minor repairs, includingRead More
Bitumen storage tank The main component of water-bitumen emulsion is obviously bitumen. Consistent production of emulsion is only possible with constant availability of the material. Therefore, the companies which use bitumen in their production process on a daily bases, should ensure correct storage conditions. Many companies prefer to maintain own bitumen storage facilities, allowing regularRead More
GlobeCore produces high quality UVB type equipment for production of high quality asphalt emulsion. Asphalt emulsion is a colloid solution, produced by dispersing bitumen phase in water media with the addition of a surfactant (emulsifier). The emulsifier is chosen depending on the purposes of the emulsion; it defines the quality and specifications of the product.Read More
Method for oil regeneration In the process of operation, oil stability gradually decreases due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, by the action of sunlight, due to the heat influence, decomposition of insulating materials, etc. For control of the oil quality in the oil-filled equipment there are used various kinds of chemical analysis and oil tests.Read More
