Additive manufacturing is expanding production and seeking auxiliary technologies. One of them is the involvement of magnetic mill  (AVS) – convenient tools for creating raw materials for 3D printers faster and better. It should be noted that new methods of manufacturing parts began to emerge in the early 1980s. People wanted to save and produceRead More

Chalk is a soft, brittle organic material representing a form of limestone. It contains at least 98% of mineral calcium (calcium carbonate) with clay and silt as other constituents. It is a sedimentary porous rock extensively used in the production of composite materials, medications and utilized in the food-manufacturing, cosmetic, and other industries. Chalk grindingRead More

Pectins are natural carbohydrates (polysaccharides) contained in plants. Basically, the substances are concentrated in fruits. They constitute structural components of tissues, maintain the turgor, tone of fruits, as well as ensure their preservation and resistance to drought. They are present in the cell sap of fruits and vegetables making up more than half of theirRead More

Natural zeolite is a nanoporous mineral with sorbing, ion-exchange, catalytic, and other properties. This is a rock of volcanic and sedimentary origin classified into more than 40 structural types. Zeolite particles are aqueous aluminosilicates of calcium, sodium, and other metals with a frame structure consisting of windows, channels, and cavities at the level of aRead More

In this article, we will discuss what cell disintegration means, for what purposes it is used, what equipment is needed for disintegration, and the prospects for vortex layer devices as disintegrators. What is cell disintegration and what is it used for? In the simplest sense, cell disintegration is understood to mean compromising the integrity ofRead More

Gypsum is a mineral of sulfate class used in the chemical, pulp and paper industry, in the agricultural sector as a fertilizer, as well as in the construction industry as a binder for production of dry mixes and materials. Gypsum grinding and activation take place in almost every field. In the industrial sector, the mineralRead More

Titanium dioxide is a water-insoluble white powder, basically, a white dye. It is a very interesting substance, first of all, due to its wide application. Therefore, titanium dioxide production is an important component of the global industry. Titanium dioxide production in the world In the mid-2000s, 4.2 million tons of titanium dioxide were used worldwide.Read More

In this article, we will speak about another possible use of a vortex layer device and discuss resin glue or rather its emulsion production. Resin glue is a product of mixing synthetic resins with a hardener. It has good performance properties and is used in many industries owing to its advantages. Resin glue advantages ResinRead More

Refractory suspension for iron and steel founding is a mixture with a refractory base and a binder — a hydrolyzed solution of ethyl silicate, a gelling agent. The suspension is based on quartz sand and pulverized quartz at the ratio of 1:3. These ingredients do not dissolve in water; therefore, in order to obtain aRead More

Asbestos cement is an artificial, reinforced cement material used in roofing, finishing, utility system development, and other construction areas. Asbestos acts as a reinforcing fiber, and Portland cement acts as a binder therein. The manufacture of asbestos-cement products involves preparation of asbestos and subsequent mixing thereof with water and cement. After that, blanks are molded,Read More

Let us discuss how fluorine removal from wastewater is carried out and the ways to improve its efficiency. Wastewater from chemical, metallurgical, and other enterprises that contains fluorine compounds is classified as harmful. The removal of fluorine from this kind of wastewater is associated with difficulties and requires considerable costs and expensive chemical agents. ItRead More

In this article, we will discuss biodiesel production using GlobeCore technological line in which the function of a reactor is performed by a vortex layer device of AVS type. This technological line can be used to produce biodiesel from a wide variety of raw materials ranging from vegetable oils to animal fats. From the environmentalRead More

GlobeCore vortex layer device (AVS) is versatile equipment used in dozens of industries. In addition to conventional applications where substances are processed, ground, and mixed, or products are obtained by means of the device due to intensification of dispersion processes, the device is suitable for processing the finished parts and materials. Among the tasks forRead More

Aerated concrete is a type of lightweight concrete which constitutes a porous artificial material made of mineral binders (cement, lime, or gypsum) and a silica aggregate (quartz sand, fly ash, or acidic slags from the metallurgical industry). Aerated concrete production is based on the processes of dispersion, mixing, bloating of a mixture of these ingredients,Read More

Expanded clay production is based on the homogenization and grinding of clay raw material particles, the formation and further baking of granules. Taking into consideration such processes, it is reasonable to use a vortex layer device (AVS) from GlobeCore. Relevance of expanded clay production Expanded clay is a highly demanded construction material, an inexpensive heatRead More

In this article, we will discuss what graphene and a graphene lubricant mean, as well as the way to improve the operational properties of graphene lubricants using a vortex layer device. In 2010, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to A. Geim and K. Novoselov who carried out groundbreaking experiments concerning the two-dimensional materialRead More

We will continue a series of articles about wastewater treatment with an overview on “Distillery wastewater treatment”. As part of this overview, we will briefly discuss how wastewater treatment is carried out at such enterprises, what problems arise in this regard, and how these problems can be solved using ferromagnetic particles vortex layer devices. MolassesRead More

We have previously discussed the general application of vortex layer devices in wastewater treatment processes. Now, we are going to tell you in greater detail about how the devices work when treating the wastewater with a certain type of impurities contained or treating the wastewater of specific production facilities. Today’s overview deals with fodder yeastRead More

Pigment dispersion is another field of application for vortex layer devices. This is a promising area, because many industries consume plenty of pigmented paints and varnishes: paints, enamels, primers. They are indispensable for mechanical engineering, radioelectronics, shipbuilding, furniture industry, manufacturers of household appliances, etc. Pigmented paints and varnishes are used for ensuring anti-corrosion protection andRead More

Gold production is a process in which not only specific industries, but also entire countries are interested. This noble metal is used in dentistry, electronics, chemistry, construction, and jewelry. Gold ingots are still used as part of gold and foreign currency reserves. Gold is extracted from gold-bearing ores, but the ores contain a small amountRead More

Marine composite fuels are combustible blends used in the operation of ship power plants. They serve as a basis on which ship movement support systems, on-board devices, mechanical units, instrumentation and equipment operate. Depending on the type of combustible product, marine fuel constitutes a mixture of ingredients such as fuel oil with diesel fuel orRead More

Graphene production is a young and promising industry. It is young, because graphene was discovered rather recently — only fifteen to sixteen years ago. And it is promising due to interesting and somewhat unique properties of graphene. What is graphene and why is it interesting? It has been generally accepted for a long time thatRead More

Linoleum production is considered to be a promising area due to the high popularity of this flooring. The inexpensive, practical, and high-performance material is distinguished by low cost price and manufactured on the basis of simple technologies. A linoleum production plant with only 4–5 lines can produce more than 100 million square meters of productsRead More

Construction materials production is one of the main fields of using a vortex layer device (AVS). The equipment allows obtaining mixes and substances with a high degree of activation which subsequently affects the quality of products. Sand-lime brick production involves the formation of blocks from a lime-sand mix based on quartz sand (92–95%) and limeRead More

Many world countries experience a shortage, as well as gradual depletion and increasing pollution of fresh water sources. The main cause of surface water pollution is the discharge of untreated and insufficiently treated domestic and industrial wastewater which leads to the unsuitability of receiving water bodies for water use needs. Among highly hazardous types ofRead More

Leonardite is a subtype of brown coal. It is an organic product consisting of substances useful for plants and living organisms. The basic components here are humic and fulvic acids. They are formed from plant and animal tissues by exposure to chemical and biological processes resulting in humus formation. Leonardite grinding allows obtaining highly concentratedRead More

Resistor manufacturing is a promising area in the electrical industry due to the active use of these elements in the field of electronic engineering and radio electronics. In circuits of electronic and radioelectronic equipment, resistors can make up to 50% of the components used. Moreover, up to 40% of them are non-wirewound types of resistors.Read More

Dry construction mixes (DCM) are a powdery, homogeneous mass consisting of fillers, aggregates, binders, and additives. The ingredients are blended in strict proportions to form a product with certain characteristics. Construction mix production means the preparation of free-flowing multicomponent masses by means of dispersers and mixers. In order to activate DCM, it is enough toRead More

Humic fertilizers production is one of the most promising areas for increasing the soil fertility and obtaining a good harvest.   In the world, there are about 3.2 billion hectares of land suitable for agricultural work which is only 9% of the total land fund. However, the crop yield steadily declines every year. It is causedRead More

Despite the emergence of new synthetic agents, medicinal plants extraction remains an important area of the pharmaceutical industry. Some serious diseases are really difficult to treat effectively without next-generation synthetic antibiotics, but herbal preparations remain an effective medication. According to rough estimates, the share of such preparations in the market is at least 25%. SubstancesRead More

Wood flour is a powder obtained by regrinding the sawdust, wood chips, wood shavings, small residues and other waste from the wood processing industry. Sometimes, it is also made of straw, stems, waste cardboard, nut shells, and other products. Wood flour manufacturing means grinding the raw stuff to a size of hundreds of micrometers. Sometimes,Read More

Humic fertilizers obtained by peat processing are an effective and popular means of increasing the soil fertility. They contain a great amount of nitrogen and other chemical elements that contribute to the growth and development of plants. However, directly within peat, they are contained in persistent chemical compounds, and thus remain unavailable to plants andRead More

Lithium stearate is a lithium salt of fatty stearic acid, or soap as it is conventionally referred. It is derived from animal and vegetable raw materials. This soap is a white soft substance. In production, it is used as part of a water suspension. Soap is used as a thickener in a number of industries.Read More

Sand grinding is a necessary stage in preparing the material for its further use in construction and industry. It is one of the basic ingredients for exterior surface finishing, plasters, mortars, and floorings. It is used in production of paving flagstones, dry mortars, glass, paints and varnishes, etc. At the same time, the quality ofRead More

For the purposes of practical applications of ferromagnetic particles vortex layer devices, we would like to speak about the area such as fuel preparation on ships. Types of marine fuel If we compare a ship with a motor vehicle by special aspects of fuel consumption, two important differences can be highlighted. The first difference isRead More

In this article, we will describe how lignin production from apricot kernels is carried out. Lignin is a solid polymer of organic origin found in lignified plant tissues. The substance is formed inside the walls of cells, in intercellular space. In nature, it serves to bond cellulose fibers. It ensures the strength of trunks, branches,Read More

In the previous articles, we spoke about the capabilities of a vortex layer device in terms of grinding, mixing, and activating various substances. But the device can also be used to run and accelerate chemical reactions. One of such reactions is the reduction of sodium bisulfite in rongalite production. What is rongalite and where isRead More

In this article, we will discuss oil shale grinding, the process that takes place in obtaining light petroleum products from heavy oil residues. What are oil shales and how are they applied in obtaining light petroleum products? The process of obtaining fuel fractions from oil is accompanied by formation of heavy oil residues. These includeRead More

Lubricant grease is a thick anti-friction, water-repellent multipurpose lubricant. It is a slippery, fatty, pasty mass of yellow or brown color. It is produced on the basis of industrial (petroleum, mineral) oils. Lubricant grease production involves thickening the raw stuff by adding the calcium soap derived from fatty acids through saponification. The main advantage ofRead More

In this article, we will tell you how cocoa shell is ground. Cocoa shell is the husk of cocoa beans formed in the process of crude chocolate production. World market of cocoa beans The main suppliers of cocoa beans to the world market are African countries. If we take the average annual consumption of thisRead More

In this article, we will discuss fodder production using electromagnetic technologies. Liquid mixed fodder is a feed compound with the moisture content of 70–80% in the form of a homogeneous suspension of ground grain raw stuff, water, and additives. It is applied for feeding the calves using a milk substitute emulsion. Feed compounds in theRead More

According to various estimates, the share of nuclear energy is at least 10–16% of all the energy resources generated in the world. In some countries, such as France, nuclear energy ranks high — 71.6%. In China, the share of nuclear energy does not exceed 4%. The use of nuclear energy is a matter of debate,Read More

Sugar beet processing is an important technological procedure in sugar production. This product is extensively used all over the world as evidenced by large production volumes — at least 168 million tons per year. Brazil, India, the European Union, Thailand, China, the United States, and Russia stand out of major sugar producers. Countries of warmRead More

Cutting fluids are emulsions used in the field of mechanical processing of metals, stone, ceramics, and plastics. Such means are used to lubricate and cool the workpiece and the working tool in the zone of their contact while drilling, cutting, and pressing are performed. Basically, cutting fluids are used for turning and milling the workpieces.Read More

In this article, we will discuss drilling mud production by means of a ferromagnetic particles vortex layer technology and evaluate the prospects of applying this technology in the oil and gas industry. Drilling mud is an important part of the technology for development of mineral resources (oil and gas). It is responsible for several functionsRead More

Peat gel is a biologically active fertilizer based on humic acids, trace elements, minerals, and nitrogen compounds. It is made from peat. It is a humic preparation that acts as a plant growth catalyst and a soil remediator. It also acts as an immunomodulatory agent for poultry and animals that contributes to boosting their immunityRead More

Coffee milling is a mandatory stage of manufacturing both a natural product from roasted coffee beans and an instant freeze-dried, granulated, or powdered beverage. Depending on the type of coffee, grinding is performed to a certain fraction. It may be coarse grinding with a size of almost a millimeter, medium, fine grinding to tenths ofRead More

In this article, we will discuss how cement grinding, cement activation, microcement production, and dry mortar production are carried out by means of vortex layer devices. Cement is the most expensive part of concrete that considerably determines the quality of concrete products, as well as the reliability and durability of structures built on their basis.Read More

Pepper milling is a technological process for grinding a product to obtain a powdery constituent used as a base, an additional or active ingredient in the production of food supplements, spices, mixtures, ointments, and aerosols. In order to grind pepper on an industrial scale, special mills are used. Some of them operate according to theRead More

Coal grinding is one of the stages of the technological process for obtaining water-coal fuel. Water-coal fuel owes its emergence to water-coal slurry which was used in the 50–60s of the past century in order to find application for watered coal particles. At that time, the technology of water-coal slurry was considered to be ratherRead More

Pre-sowing seed processing means preparation of sowing material for germination and planting. It is carried out with the purpose of improving the germination and further growth, as well as increasing the crop yields. It also impacts on the resistance of plants against the influence of external factors, boosting their immunity and protection from diseases andRead More

In this article, we will discuss lubricants production using vortex layer devices — the equipment designed to intensify various technological processes. Lubricants are essential to ensure the equipment operability and performance. The main purpose of lubricants is to reduce friction and wear in rubbing parts of mechanisms which allows increasing the mechanical efficiency of theRead More

The complexity of treatment and desulfurization of oil and it products to remove undesired sulfur compounds is due to the complex composition of the material and a vast variety of sulfuric compounds. Crude oil consists of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen. There are small portions of metals, mostly nickel and vanadium. Hydrocarbons are 75%Read More

Gold is used in several fields: as part of national reserves; in medicine (dentistry, pharmaceuticals and cosmetology). In this case gold is used in implants, medicines and cosmetics. The amount of gold used in this field is relatively small and remains below 2% of the total demand; electronics (information technologies and telecommunications). In this fieldRead More

Cement and concrete are the second most used substances in the world, after water. On average, the per capita consumption of cement is one ton. This material is widely used as a binder in the production of concrete, reinforced concrete and various construction mixes. The demand for cement in construction of new buildings, repairs andRead More

Two different and immiscible liquids, alcohol and vegetable oil, form an alcohol in oil emulsion when mixed. Intensification of mass transfer requires fine dispersion of the original emulsion. The choice of the appropriate equipment or device for this stage of the process largely determines the efficiency of the entire process. Known biodiesel fuel production technologiesRead More

Natural energy reserves are unevenly distributed, making shortages of energy resources common in many countries. This is an incentive for three things: looking for less expensive imports, saving energy and developing alternative heat and energy sources. According to industry professionals, coal-water fuel (also known as CWF or coal slurry) is a promising product. CWF isRead More

Practical experience of marine power plant operation shows that their reliability, mean time between failures and time before overhaul depends on operation parameters related to fuel quality. Many river vessels use diesel fuel and fuel oil for propulsion. Fuel always contains sulfur and its sulfuric compounds (mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides etc). These substances reduce quality andRead More

Removal of heavy metals and neutralization of heavy metals are words instantly familiar to all environmental scientists and wastewater purification specialists. In this article we will discuss the existing methods of removal of heavy metals, analyze benefits and limitations and will suggest techniques to improve efficiency of wastewater purification. What are the heavy metals HeavyRead More

Disinfection is a complex process of destroying parasites that spread invasive diseases (caused by helminth parasites and arthropods). Sanitary regulations and rules set requirements for deworming/ disinfection. The word “disinfection” came from Latin words “invasio” (invasion) and “des” (from). The quality wastewater treatment is a pressing issue in most countries. The reason is a growingRead More

Domestic wastewater of cities and countries is now overwhelming. The sewage treatment facilities have used to the limit all available reserves. The existing technological lines that proved themselves over the years [120, 134] do not cope with the  increased flow of wastewaters. The new sewage treatment facilities are expensive to build. It would seem aRead More

In most facilities, such water is purified by oxidizing phenol and other organic contaminants by manganese peroxide, sodium or potassium dichromate at 95-100º С. The oxidation process takes 3 to 5 hours, consuming 5 grams of oxidant per 1 gram of phenol. The purification unit with 12 reactors 25 m3 each can purify 400 to 600 m3 ofRead More

The nature of the vortex layer used for treatment of waste water containing hexavalent chrome and other heavy metals allows to radically reduce reagent consumption, achieves a more complete purification and makes the process continuous. Ferromagnetic elements in the active zone of the AVS device, in the electromagnetic field, intensively mix the reagents entering theRead More

A pressing problem of mining and ore industry is the removal of arsenic from waste water by precipitating it using iron hydroxide or reduction by Na2S, K2S, FeS2. The sedimentation process occurs when a ferrous salt, such as FeCl3, forms a soft amorphous sediment Fe(OH)3 in alkaline environment, which has larger active area. As theRead More

The most toxic waste waters are those containing both simple cyanides (with CN—ions) and complex [Cu(CN2)—], [Cu(CN3)-2], [Zn(CN4)-2] etc. Total concentration of simple and complex cyanides varies from 10-15 to 150-300 mg/liter. The most widespread method today is reagent method of oxidation by calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2, hypochlorite lime CaOCl2 or gaseous chlorine. Most of the cyanide-containing waterRead More

Research performed in the area of decontamination and fluor removal from waste water using AVS shows (table 5) that these devices are more efficient compared to the existing equipment. Fluor removal and transformation of phosphates into water-insoluble compounds occurs in one stage. The content of fluor in purified waste water in optimal conditions (pH =Read More

Wastewater containing petroleum products are among the most difficult to neutralize.. Especially difficult for processing are wastewaters containing, in addition to petroleum products, metal shavings, sand, rags and other inclusions, both solid and liquid. Therefore, wastewater is very difficult to classify. In some cases, they are divided into types: “flammable” or “non flammable”. For example,Read More

The conditions created in the processing area of the AVS allow to carry out practically any technological processes. The plants are particularly effective in industries that require rapid and uniform mixing (especially if the content of components is calculated in units or percentages) where it is necessary to treat suspensions (heterogeneous systems) regardless of theirRead More

Quartz is a natural mineral. It is quite common in the earth’s crust and has a number of important properties: high strength, resistance to fracture, and high sorption properties. Quartz is a component of rocks and minerals, and its mass fraction in the earth’s crust is more than 60%. In industry it is used mainlyRead More

Grinding precision is one of the main parameters of cement quality. This construction material is one of the few, whose strength is improved by interaction with molecules of water. It is important to ensure thorough hydration of the substance. Apparently, water binds smaller particles better. Specific surface is the parameter used in laboratory conditions toRead More

Cement manufacturing is always one of the most actual and perspective industry. Cement is always important component for building. That’s why the new electromagnetic cement crushing machine is a valuable discovery of advanced technologies. It provides unique physical process. This machine can provide effective development of special concrete features. What for we need Cement CrushingRead More

A disintegrator is a type of crushing equipment used for fine grinding of materials. Such machines are widely used in the following industries: mining; chemical; building; food. Specifically, in the building industry this equipment crushes cement, sand, clay and other bulk materials, which are used for preparation of building mixtures. Depending on the grinding efficiency,Read More